Inorganic 1

• How does fluorine appear at room temperature?

  A pale yellow gas
• How does chlorine appear at room temperature?

  A greenish gas
• How does bromine appear at room temperature?

  A red-brown liquid
• How does iodine appear at room temperature?

  A black solid
• How does the size of atoms change going down Group 7?

  They get bigger as each atom gains a new shell
• Why are the properties of fluorine atypical?

  F-F bond is unexpectedly weak due to repulsion
• How does electronegativity change going down Group 7?

  It decreases as the atom size and shielding increase
• What is electronegativity?

  It measures an atom's ability to attract electron density
• What factors does electronegativity depend on?

  Protons, shielding effect, bonding electrons, atom size
• How do melting point (MP) and boiling point (BP) change going down Group 7?

  They increase as larger atoms have more VDW forces
• How does oxidizing ability change going down Group 7?

  It decreases going down the group
• How do we extract bromine from seawater?

  Oxidation by chlorine in a displacement reaction
• How do we extract iodine from kelp?

  2I-(aq) + 2Br-(aq) --> Br2(aq) + 2Cl-(aq)
• How does reducing power change going down Group 7?

  Reducing power increases as ions get larger
• How do sodium halides react with concentrated sulfuric acid?

  Different reactions occur for each sodium halide
• What happens when sodium chloride reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid?

  • Steamy fumes of HCl are formed
  • Solid product is sodium hydrogensulfate
  • Not a redox reaction
• What happens when sodium bromide reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid?

  • Steamy fumes of hydrogen bromide
  • Brown fumes of bromine
  • Colorless sulfur dioxide is formed
  • Bromide ions reduce sulfuric acid
• What happens when sodium iodide reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid?

  • Steamy fumes of hydrogen iodide
  • Black solid of iodine
  • Bad egg smell of hydrogen sulfide
  • Sulfur is reduced from +6 to -2
• Why do we see yellow solid sulfur in the reaction between sodium iodide and concentrated sulfuric acid?

  Because sulfur passes through oxidation state 0
• How do metal halides react with silver ions?

  All metal halides react except metal fluoride
• What happens when silver chloride reacts with ammonia?

  • Silver chloride forms a white precipitate
  • It dissolves in dilute ammonia
• What happens when silver bromide reacts with ammonia?

  • Silver bromide forms a cream precipitate
  • It dissolves in concentrated ammonia
• What happens when silver iodide reacts with ammonia?

  • Silver iodide forms a pale yellow precipitate
  • It is insoluble in concentrated ammonia
• What is the equation for the reaction of chlorine with water?

  Cl2 + H2O --> HClO + HCl
• What is the equation for the reaction between chlorine and aqueous sodium chloride?

  Cl2 + 2NaOH --> NaClO + NaCl + H2O