Newtons First and Second Laws

• What are Newton's first and second laws of motion about?

  They describe motion and forces acting on objects
• What does Newton's first law state about resultant force?

  A resultant force is needed to change motion
• What happens to a stationary object if no resultant force acts on it?

  It remains stationary
• What occurs to a moving object if the resultant force is zero?

  It continues moving at the same velocity
• What does Newton's second law state about non-zero resultant force?

  It causes an object to accelerate
• What does "non-zero" mean in the context of forces?

  Anything other than zero
• If a particle has unbalanced forces acting on it, what direction will it accelerate?

  In the direction of the resultant force
• What can happen to an object accelerating to the right based on its initial motion?

  It can start moving, speed up, slow down, or stop
• How is acceleration defined in relation to velocity and time?

  Change in velocity divided by change in time
• Why does the moon accelerate even though its speed is constant?

  Its direction is constantly changing
• What force acts on the moon to keep it in orbit around the Earth?

  Gravitational pull from the Earth
• What does the size of the resultant force relate to in Newton's second law?

  It is directly proportional to acceleration
• What is the equation that relates force, mass, and acceleration?

  $F =$$m \cdot a$
• How do you calculate the resultant force if given two opposing forces?

  Subtract the smaller force from the larger
• If a particle has a mass of 0.25 kg and experiences a resultant force of 12 N, what is its acceleration?

  $48 \text{ m/s}^2$
• What is inertia in relation to Newton's first law?

  It is the tendency to maintain motion
• How is an object's inertial mass defined?

  By dividing force by acceleration
• What does a large mass indicate about an object's inertia?

  It requires a large force to change velocity
• What happens to an object's motion if acted upon by a resultant force?

  Its motion will change
• What are the key concepts of Newton's first and second laws of motion?

  • First Law: Resultant force needed to change motion
  • Second Law: Non-zero resultant force causes acceleration
  • Inertia: Tendency to maintain motion
• What are the effects of acceleration on an object's motion?

  • Start moving if stationary
  • Speed up if moving in the same direction
  • Slow down if moving in the opposite direction
  • Change direction without changing speed
• How does circular motion relate to acceleration?

  • Constant speed but changing direction
  • Acceleration occurs due to direction change
  • Gravitational pull maintains circular path
• What is the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration?

  • Resultant force is proportional to acceleration
  • Equation: $F =$$m \cdot a$
  • Larger force results in larger acceleration
• What is inertia and how is it measured?

  • Inertia: Tendency to resist changes in motion
  • Measured by inertial mass
  • Inertial mass = $\frac{Force}{Acceleration}$