Duck's model

• Who proposed the phase model of relationship breakdown?

  Duck
• What is each phase marked by?

  A threshold
• What are the four stages in Duck's model?

  Intra-psychic

  Dyadic

  Social

  Grave dressing
• What is the threshold in the Intra-psychic phase?

  'I can't stand this anymore'
• What is the threshold in the Dyadic phase?

  'I would be justified in withdrawing'
• What is the threshold in the Social phase?

  'I mean it'
• What is the threshold in the Grave dressing phase?

  'It's now inevitable'
• What processes are in the Intra-psychic phase?

  Cognitive processes within the individual
• What processes are in the Dyadic phase?

  Interpersonal processes between partners
• What processes are in the Social phase?

  Wider processes involving the couple's social networks
• What does the Grave dressing phase focus on?

  Aftermath
• What is the Dyadic phase characterised by?

  Anxiety

  Hostility

  Complaints about lack of equity

  Resentment over imbalanced roles

  Rethinking commitment
• What are the two possible outcomes in the Dyadic phase?

  1 ) Determination to continue breaking up

  2 ) Renewed desire to repair
• What can become more frequent in the Dyadic phase?

  Self-disclosures
• What are weighed up in the Intra-psychic phase?

  Pros and cons
• According to La Gaipa, how do we attempt to regain 'social credit' in the Grave dressing phase?

  Blaming other things
• Who suggested we attempt to regain 'social credit' by blaming other things in the Grave dressing phase?

  La Gaipa
• Break-up made public in the Social phase
• Friends provide reinforcement and reassurance in the Social phase
• Some friends place blame on one partner or the other in the Social phase
• Some friends hasten the end of the relationship by providing previously secret information in the Social phase
• Some friends attempt to repair the relationship in the Social phase
• Gossip is traded and encouraged in the Social phase
• What are there worries about in the Intra-psychic phase?

  Reasons for dissatisfaction
• What are there plans for in the Intra-psychic phase?

  Future
• Partners cannot avoid confrontation in the Dyadic phase
• Spinning a favourable story for public consumption is common in the Social phase
• What is the final threshold at the end of the Grave dressing phase?

  'Time to get a new life'