Chemistry- Wider Impact of Chemistry

• What are the eight principles of green chemistry?

  Prevent waste

  Increase atom economy

  Safer methods, chemicals and solvent

  Increase energy efficiency

  Use renewable raw materials

  Use catalyst

  Prevent pollution and accident

  Design for biodegeneration
• What are the six roles of green chemistry in improving sustainability?

  Renewable raw materials- Using renewable raw materials whenever possible such as plant-based compounds

  Saving energy-Using metal energy as possible and getting energy that is required from renewable sources

  High atom economy-Using methods of high atom economy and less waste

  Catalyst-Having lower temperature and pressure reactions

  Toxic waste and solvent-Reduce chance of toxic waste to be released into the environments if avoided

  Biodegradable products-Reduce waste at the end of their life
• What does the chemical industry intend to do?

  Make the biggest profit as possible
• Describe efficient use of energy

  Research carried out towards making more efficient uses of energies-Such as engines

  When aim is to lower temperatures, which can be done with a catalyst
• Describe solar power as a source of energy

  Over 10% efficiencies

  Rapidly growing in use

  UK average outputs of 0.5 kW/m²
• What are the negatives of nuclear power?- What is better?

  Produces radioactive emissions

  Dangerous work environment

  Requires a safe disposal of waste

  Fusion of hydrogen to helium as it converts a higher percentage of mass into energy-Not possible yet
• Describe nuclear power as a source of energy

  20% of energy is produced this way

  It is done by a neutron aided fission of uranium- Less than one percent mass is turned into energy
• What is the example and drawbacks of carbon offset?

  Planting trees, which absorb carbon dioxide as they grow

  Controversial-Planting the trees require energy and sometimes emit carbon dioxide/Takes a lot of time
• What is carbon offsetting?

  Practice of balancing activities that emit carbon dioxide with activities that absorb it
• What are two methods of being carbon neutral?

  Carbon offsetting

  Reducing carbon emissions
• What is carbon neutrality?

  It describes an activity that produces no overall emissions of CO2
• What statistic shows that carbon has increased?

  Carbon emissions have increased from 300 to 400 parts per minute in 100 years

  This leads to agree has affect and global warming
• What is the opposite of photosynthesis?

  Combustion
• Describe fossil feels and biomass as a source of energy

  Biomass-Derived from solar energy as plants and microorganisms carry out photosynthesis

  Fossil fuels-The rate that fossil fuels are mined are greater than the production- Eventually, will run out

  CH2O + O2 ( REVERIBE REACTION) CO2 + H2O

  Forward - photosynthesis

  Backwards - combustion
• Why is hydrogen a future fuel?

  It does not naturally exist on earth and must be prepared at a cost of energy
• What are some examples of reusable sources of energy?

  Solar

  Wind

  Water power

  Bacterial digestion of biomasses-Sugarcane

  Geothermal energy

  Nuclear
• What are the reasons for the huge increase in required energy?

  Increasing population

  Industry

  Transport

  Electrical generation

  Domestic heating
• Why is there an energy problem about energy production?

  finite resources such as fossil fuels are being rapidly depleted

  Huge increase in required energy
• What are the social, economical, and environmental impacts of the production of energy?

  Major source of employment

  Industries have been set up near raw sources of material

  Great realisation of importance of providing healthy and safe working environments near factories
• What is green chemistry?

  Attempts to prevent waste , use of safer and more efficient methods ,increase atom economy and reduce pollution