Kidneys and nephrons

• What are the 2 main functions of the kidneys?

  1. Removal of nitrogenous waste from the body
  2. Osmoregulation
• What is NH3?


  Ammonia, which is toxic
• What is amine converted into?

  Urea
• The anatomy of the kidney

  A) Right renal artery

  B) right kidney

  C) Right renal vein

  D) ureter

  E) urethra

  F) Sphincter muscles

  G) bladder

  H) left renal vein

  I) left kidney

  J) left renal artery

  
• Anatomy of the kidney

  A) cortex

  B) medulla

  C) renal artery

  D) renal vein

  E) renal pelvis

  F) ureter

  G) functional unit

  
• What is another word for the functional unit?

  Nephron
• Structure of the nephron

  A) efferent arteriole

  B) proximal convoluted tube

  C) glomerulus

  D) afferent arteriole

  E) Renal capsule

  F) venule

  G) Loop of Henle (descending linb)

  H) Loop of Henle (ascending linb)

  I) Collecting duct

  J) Distal convoluted tubule

  K) Peritubular capillaries

  
• What happens in the glomerulus and the renal capsule?

  Ultrafiltration
• What happens in the Loop of Henle?

  Water reabsorption
• What happens in the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct?

  Osmoregulation
• What molecules get through ultrafiltration?

  Monomers
• Why can't polymers get through in ultrafiltration?


  They are too big
• How is high hydrostatic pressure for ultrafiltration generated?

  Contraction of ventricles

  Wide afferent arteriole and narrow efferent arteriole
• Does the filtrate have a high or low osmotic pressure?

  Low
• Ultrafiltration

  A) afferent

  B) diameter

  C) efferent

  D) efferent arteriole

  E) afferent arteriole

  F) basement membrane

  G) Glomerular filtrate

  H) podocyte

  I) Bowman's capsule epithelium

  
• What are the 2 main filtering methods?

  • Pores in the glomerular capillaries
  • Podocyte cells
• What stays in the blood?

  • Red blood cells
  • Plasma protein
  • White blood cells
  • Platelets
• What moves out the blood and into the filtrate?

  • Water
  • Minerals
  • Glucose
  • Amino acid
  • Urea