Study M2

• What is sampling in research?


  It is selecting a portion from a population.
• Why is sampling necessary in research?


  Due to limitations of time, money, or personnel.
• What is one reason for using sampling?

  To study a larger population at a lesser cost.
• What are the two types of sampling?

  Probability sampling and non-probability sampling.
• What is probability sampling?

  All members have a chance of being selected.
• What is simple random sampling?

  All members have an equal chance of selection.
• How can simple random sampling be conducted?

  Using methods like lottery or random numbers.
• What is systematic sampling?

  Selecting every nth element from a population.
• How can systematic sampling be applied in a school setting?

  Selecting every 50th person entering the gate.
• What is stratified random sampling?

  Dividing the population into strata before sampling.
• How can stratified random sampling be implemented?

  By selecting students from different year levels.
• What is cluster sampling?

  Selecting clusters of units in a population.
• When is cluster sampling most useful?

  In large-scale studies with geographically spread populations.
• What is non-probability sampling?

  Not all members have a chance of selection.
• What is convenience sampling?

  Obtaining samples that are easily accessible.
• What is purposive sampling?

  Handpicking subjects for specific intentions.
• How can purposive sampling be used in research?

  By selecting students based on their honors rank.
• What is quota sampling?

  Dividing the population into strata with set proportions.
• How is quota sampling implemented?

  Identifying strata and selecting subjects from each.
• What is snowball sampling?

  A method relying on referrals from initial subjects.
• When is snowball sampling particularly useful?

  When the desired sample characteristic is rare.
• What are the methods of probability sampling?

  • Simple Random Sampling
  • Systematic Sampling
  • Stratified Random Sampling
  • Cluster Sampling
• What are the methods of non-probability sampling?

  • Convenience Sampling
  • Purposive/Judgmental Sampling
  • Quota Sampling
  • Snowball Sampling
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of convenience sampling?

  Strengths:

  • Low cost
  • Easy to obtain samples

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Potential for bias
  • May not represent the population accurately
• What are the steps in quota sampling?

  1. Identify strata and their proportions
  2. Use convenience or judgment sampling for selection
• How does snowball sampling work?

  • Initial subjects recruit additional subjects
  • Useful for rare characteristics
• In a scenario where a researcher observes every fifth person, what type of sampling is used?

  Systematic sampling
• If a researcher recruits friends for a study, what type of sampling is likely used?

  Snowball sampling
• What is a potential drawback of convenience sampling?

  It may introduce bias in results.
• How does purposive sampling differ from random sampling?

  Purposive sampling is based on judgment.
• What is the main goal of quota sampling?

  To ensure inclusion of specific population segments.
• In a study about honor students, how might snowball sampling be utilized?

  Initial students recruit more honor students.