Superficial fungal infections

• What are the two main types of fungi mentioned in superficial fungal infections?

  Moulds and yeasts
• How do yeasts reproduce?

  By budding or fission
• What are the three types of fungi based on their habitat?

  Geophilic, zoophilic, or anthropophilic
• What term is used to describe dermatophyte infections?

  Tinea infections
• What type of fungi are keratinophilic dermatophytes associated with?

  Skin, nails, and hair
• What are common symptoms of tinea infections?

  Itching, burning, pain, and inflammation
• What are some risk factors for tinea infections?

  Environmental factors, clothing, hyperhidrosis, and immunosuppression
• What are some examples of tinea infections?

  Tinea corporis, tinea capitis, and tinea pedis
• What general advice is given for managing tinea infections?

  Maintain clothing hygiene and dry thoroughly after washing
• What type of treatment is recommended for tinea infections?

  Fungicidal treatment
• What should be avoided to prevent worsening tinea infections?

  Avoid scratching and share towels
• Name three imidazoles used in the treatment of tinea infections.

  Clotrimazole, econazole, and miconazole
• What is the age restriction for terbinafine use?

  12 years and older
• When can topical corticosteroids be added in tinea treatment?

  If inflammation is high
• What is the oral therapy recommended if topical treatment fails?

  Terbinafine 250mg daily for 2-4 weeks
• What is the alternative oral therapy if terbinafine is not tolerated?

  Itraconazole 200mg daily for 1 week or 200mg for 7 days
• What is the recommended oral treatment for preventing reinfection in children under 5 years?

  Ketoconazole shampoo 2x weekly for 2-4 weeks
• What self-help measures can be taken to prevent tinea infections?

  Discard or disinfect contaminated objects and avoid sharing towels
• What is the therapeutic range of griseofulvin?

  Narrow therapeutic range
• Why are long courses needed for griseofulvin treatment?

  It does not persist in keratinous tissue after therapy
• In which patients is griseofulvin contraindicated?

  Patients with severe liver disease and lupus
• What should be avoided during griseofulvin treatment?

  Breastfeeding
• What precautions should be taken regarding pregnancy during griseofulvin treatment?

  Avoid pregnancy during and for 2 months after treatment stops
• What are some side effects of griseofulvin?

  GI issues, headache, and skin rash
• How might griseofulvin affect driving ability?

  It might alter the ability to drive
• When should griseofulvin be taken for optimal absorption?

  With or after fatty food
• What is the common name for tinea pedis?

  Athlete's foot
• What is the appearance of skin lesions in tinea pedis?

  Scaled, macerated, and fissured
• What is the recommended treatment duration for topical imidazole cream in tinea pedis?

  2-4 weeks
• What should be combined with treatment if inflammation is present in tinea pedis?

  Hydrocortisone
• Where does terbinafine concentrate in the body?

  In keratin layers
• In which conditions should terbinafine be avoided?

  Pregnancy, lupus, and severe renal impairment
• What are some side effects of terbinafine?

  Hepatotoxicity, sensory loss, and nail issues
• What is onychomycosis commonly referred to as?

  Nail fungus
• What symptoms may be associated with onychomycosis?

  Pain and discoloration
• What is required for the treatment of onychomycosis?

  Nail clippings or scrapings
• What is the recommended treatment for mild onychomycosis?

  Amorolfine applied once weekly for 6 months (fingers) or 9-12 months (toes)
• What is the recommended systemic treatment for onychomycosis?

  Terbinafine 250mg daily for 6 weeks (fingers) or 12-24 weeks (toes)
• What is pityriasis versicolor?

  A yeast infection of the stratum corneum