Fractional Distillation and Simple Distillation

• What are the two types of distillation mentioned?

  Simple distillation and fractional distillation
• What is the purpose of simple distillation?

  To separate a liquid from a solution
• How can simple distillation be used with seawater?

  To separate pure water from seawater
• What equipment is used in simple distillation?

  A flask, thermometer, condenser, and heating device
• Why is the flask sealed with a bung?

  To prevent gas from escaping
• What is the function of the thermometer in the setup?

  To measure the temperature inside the flask
• How does the condenser work in simple distillation?

  It cools vapor to condense it into liquid
• What happens to the vapor in the condenser?

  It cools and condenses into liquid form
• What remains in the flask after distilling seawater?

  Salt
• What is the main technique used for separating mixtures of liquids?

  Fractional distillation
• Why can't simple distillation separate methanol, ethanol, and propanol?

  They have similar boiling points
• What is the role of the fractionating column in fractional distillation?

  To separate liquids with similar boiling points
• What features does the fractionating column have?

  Glass rods and a temperature gradient
• How does the temperature affect the separation of methanol, ethanol, and propanol?

  Different temperatures allow for selective evaporation
• What happens to methanol when heated to around 65 degrees Celsius?

  It evaporates and rises up the column
• What occurs to ethanol and propanol in the fractionating column?

  They condense back into liquid and fall
• At what temperature is ethanol evaporated in fractional distillation?

  78 degrees Celsius
• What can be assumed about the contents of the flask after distilling ethanol?

  It contains mostly pure propanol
• What could be done to ensure only propanol is collected?

  Raise the temperature to boil off propanol
• What are the steps involved in simple distillation?

  1. Heat the mixture in the flask.
  2. Vapor rises and enters the condenser.
  3. Vapor cools and condenses into liquid.
  4. Collect the distilled liquid in a beaker.
  5. Residue remains in the flask.
• What are the steps involved in fractional distillation?

  1. Heat the mixture in the flask.
  2. Vapor rises through the fractionating column.
  3. Condenses on glass rods and falls back.
  4. Pure liquid exits into the condenser.
  5. Repeat for other components at different temperatures.