Metals and Non-Metals

• Where are most elements found on the periodic table?

  Towards the bottom left
• What type of ions do metals form when they react?

  Positive ions
• What is an example of a positive ion formed by a metal?

  Calcium two plus ion
• How do non-metals typically behave in terms of ion formation?

  They either don't form ions or form negative ions
• Why do elements on the left of the periodic table tend to lose electrons easily?

  They have few electrons in their outer shell
• How many electrons does calcium have in its outer shell?

  Two electrons
• Why is it difficult for chlorine to form a positive ion?

  It would need to lose seven electrons
• How does the reactivity of metals change down the periodic table?

  It increases towards the bottom
• Why do metals further down the periodic table lose electrons more easily?

  Electrons are farther from the nucleus
• What type of bonding do all metals have?

  Metallic bonding
• What is a key characteristic of metallic bonds?

  They are very strong
• What does it mean for metals to be malleable?

  They can be bent or hammered into shape
• Why are metals used in electric wires?

  They are great conductors of heat and electricity
• What is a common property of metals regarding melting and boiling points?

  They have high melting and boiling points
• What is a property of metals when struck?

  They are sonorous
• How do non-metals generally differ in appearance compared to metals?

  They tend to be dull in color
• What is a characteristic of non-metals regarding their physical state at room temperature?

  Many are gaseous
• How do non-metals compare to metals in terms of density?

  They generally have lower densities
• Where are transition metals located on the periodic table?

  In the center
• What is a unique property of transition metals?

  They can form more than one ion
• What is an example of a transition metal that can form multiple ions?

  Chromium
• What is a practical feature of transition metals?

  They make very good catalysts
• What is a catalyst?

  Substances that increase reaction rates
• What is an example of a catalyst used in the Haber process?

  Iron
• What catalyst is used in the hydrogenation of alkenes?

  Nickel
• What are the physical properties of metals?

  • Strong metallic bonds
  • Malleable
  • Good conductors of heat and electricity
  • High melting and boiling points
  • Shiny appearance
  • Sonorous
• What are the physical properties of non-metals?

  • Dull in color
  • Brittle
  • Low melting and boiling points
  • Poor conductors of electricity
  • Generally lower densities
• What are the properties of transition metals?

  • Form more than one ion
  • Often colored ions
  • Good catalysts