Allotropes of Carbon - Diamond and Graphite

• What are the two allotropes of carbon discussed in the video?

  Diamond and graphite
• What are allotropes?

  Different structural forms of the same element
• In what physical state are carbon allotropes considered in this video?

  Solid state
• What type of structures are diamond and graphite?

  Giant covalent structures
• How are the atoms arranged in diamond?

  In a regular 3D pattern
• Why is diamond very strong?

  It has strong covalent bonds requiring high energy to break
• Why doesn't diamond conduct electricity?

  It has no free electrons or ions
• How many carbon atoms is each carbon atom in diamond bonded to?

  Four carbon atoms
• What allows graphite to be relatively soft compared to diamond?

  Weak forces between the layers
• What is the melting point of graphite like?

  Very high melting point
• How are the carbon atoms arranged in graphite?

  In hexagons forming large flat sheets
• What happens to the spare electron in graphite?

  It becomes delocalized and free to move
• What property of graphite allows it to conduct electricity?

  Presence of delocalized electrons
• What is a single layer of graphite called?

  Graphene
• What can scientists do with isolated layers of graphene?

  Use them to make other structures
• What are the key differences between diamond and graphite?

  • Diamond:
  • Each carbon bonded to four others
  • Strong 3D structure
  • Very high melting point
  • Does not conduct electricity
  • Graphite:
  • Each carbon bonded to three others
  • Arranged in hexagonal sheets
  • High melting point
  • Conducts electricity due to delocalized electrons
• What are the other allotropes of carbon mentioned for the next video?

  • Graphene
  • Fullerenes
• What are the implications of the structure of diamond and graphite on their properties?

  • Diamond's strong covalent bonds lead to:
  • High strength
  • High melting point
  • Non-conductivity
  • Graphite's layered structure leads to:
  • Softness
  • High melting point
  • Electrical conductivity