The pH Scale & Strong vs Weak Acids

Cards (25)

  • What is the main focus of the video?
    Difference between strong and weak acids
  • What pH value defines an acid?
    Less than seven
  • Why do acids have a pH of less than seven?
    They ionize to release hydrogen ions
  • What ions does hydrochloric acid dissociate into?
    H<sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>-</sup>
  • What does nitric acid ionize into?
    A hydrogen ion and a nitrate
  • What is a hydrogen ion essentially?
    A hydrogen atom that lost one electron
  • Which acids are examples of strong acids?
    Hydrochloric, nitric, and sulfuric acids
  • What defines strong acids?
    They ionize completely in solution
  • How do weak acids behave in solution?
    They do not fully ionize
  • What are examples of weak acids?
    Ethanoic, citric, and carbonic acids
  • What does it mean for the ionization of a weak acid to be reversible?
    Equilibrium exists between undissociated and dissociated forms
  • What does the double arrow in the dissociation equation indicate?
    The reaction is reversible
  • What does it mean if the equilibrium lies to the left?
    More undissociated acid than dissociated acid
  • How is acid strength different from acid concentration?
    Strength is about ionization proportion
  • What does concentration measure in acids?
    Amount of acid in a certain volume
  • Can strong acids be found in low concentrations?
    Yes, they can be diluted
  • What does pH measure?
    Concentration of hydrogen ions in solution
  • How does pH change with hydrogen ion concentration?
    Higher concentration means lower pH
  • What does a decrease of one on the pH scale represent?
    Hydrogen ion concentration increases by a factor of 10
  • What happens to hydrogen ion concentration moving from pH 5 to pH 3?
    Increases by 100 times
  • What happens to hydrogen ion concentration moving from pH 8 to pH 11?
    Decreases by 1000 times
  • How can a strong acid achieve a low pH?
    By fully dissociating at most concentrations
  • What must a weak acid be to achieve a low pH?
    Highly concentrated
  • At any given concentration, how does the pH of strong and weak acids compare?
    Strong acids have lower pH than weak acids
  • What determines the pH of a solution?
    The concentration of hydrogen ions