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Chemistry
Paper 1
The pH Scale & Strong vs Weak Acids
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Cards (25)
What is the main focus of the video?
Difference between
strong
and
weak acids
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What pH value defines an acid?
Less than
seven
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Why do acids have a pH of less than seven?
They ionize to release
hydrogen ions
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What ions does hydrochloric acid dissociate into?
H<sup>+</sup>
and
Cl<sup>-</sup>
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What does nitric acid ionize into?
A
hydrogen ion
and a
nitrate
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What is a hydrogen ion essentially?
A
hydrogen atom
that lost one
electron
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Which acids are examples of strong acids?
Hydrochloric
,
nitric
, and sulfuric acids
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What defines strong acids?
They
ionize
completely in solution
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How do weak acids behave in solution?
They do not fully
ionize
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What are examples of weak acids?
Ethanoic
,
citric
, and carbonic acids
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What does it mean for the ionization of a weak acid to be reversible?
Equilibrium
exists between
undissociated
and dissociated forms
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What does the double arrow in the dissociation equation indicate?
The reaction is
reversible
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What does it mean if the equilibrium lies to the left?
More
undissociated acid
than dissociated acid
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How is acid strength different from acid concentration?
Strength is about
ionization proportion
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What does concentration measure in acids?
Amount
of
acid
in
a
certain
volume
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Can strong acids be found in low concentrations?
Yes, they can be
diluted
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What does pH measure?
Concentration of
hydrogen ions
in solution
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How does pH change with hydrogen ion concentration?
Higher
concentration means
lower
pH
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What does a decrease of one on the pH scale represent?
Hydrogen ion concentration increases by a
factor of 10
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What happens to hydrogen ion concentration moving from pH 5 to pH 3?
Increases by
100 times
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What happens to hydrogen ion concentration moving from pH 8 to pH 11?
Decreases by 1000 times
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How can a strong acid achieve a low pH?
By
fully dissociating
at most concentrations
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What must a weak acid be to achieve a low pH?
Highly
concentrated
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At any given concentration, how does the pH of strong and weak acids compare?
Strong acids
have lower pH than weak acids
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What determines the pH of a solution?
The
concentration
of
hydrogen ions
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