Eukaryotes and prokaryotes

• Eukaryotic cells


  . Animal and plant cells
• What is a eukaryotic cell?

  Eukaryotic cells contain their genetic material (DNA) enclosed in a nucleus.
• Prokaryotic cells


  Bacterial cells

  . Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells
• What is a prokaryotic cell?

  In prokaryotic cells, the genetic material (DNA) is not enclosed in a nucleus.
• What are cells?


  The smallest unit of life that can replicate independent (basic building blocks of all living things)
• Prokaryotes


  . Asexual reproduction

  . Make whole new organisms
• Eukaryotes


  . Multicellular

  . They can divide separately (2cells into 4 cells etc)

  . Animals and plants- multicellular- they contain loads of cells

  . When their cells divide- they normally grow or replace dead cells
• Bacteria structure


  . Cell membrane, cell wall, ribosome and cytoplasm

  . No mitochondria or chloroplasts or genetic material.
• What special structures do bacterial cells only have?

  . Single circular strand of DNA that floats around the cytoplasm- contains all the genes needed to survive and reproduce.

  . Small rings of DNA called plasmids- carry extra genes (antibiotic resistance)

  . Flagella- thread-like structure that protrude out from the bacteria and propel the bacteria along (for movement)
• 


  Bacterial cell