Leaves and plant adaptations

• What is the primary function of leaves?

  Photosynthesis and gas exchange
• Why are leaves broad?

  To increase surface area for light absorption
• What is the role of the palisade layer in leaves?

  Contains chloroplasts for maximum light absorption
• Why is the upper epidermis of a leaf transparent?

  To allow light to reach the palisade layer
• What do xylem and phloem do in leaves?

  Transport water and glucose, and support structure
• What is the function of the waxy cuticle on leaves?

  Reduces water loss by evaporation
• How do stomata contribute to gas exchange in leaves?

  Allow CO2 to diffuse into the leaf
• What is the role of spongy mesophyll tissue in leaves?

  Contains air spaces for gas diffusion
• What type of environments are some plants adapted to live in?

  Extreme environments like deserts
• How do small leaves help desert plants?

  Reduce surface area for water loss
• What is the purpose of curled leaves in desert plants?

  Reduces air flow and traps water vapor
• Why do desert plants have thick, waxy cuticles?

  To minimize water loss by evaporation
• What is the function of a thick, fleshy stem in desert plants?

  Stores water for drought conditions
• How do fewer stomata help desert plants?

  Reduce water loss by evaporation
• What is the advantage of stomata that only open at night?

  Reduces water loss during the day
• How do sunken stomata help desert plants?

  Reduce air flow and water loss
• How have Arctic plants adapted to extreme cold?

  Carry out photosynthesis at low temperatures
• What adaptation do Arctic plants have to reduce water loss?

  Small leaves