endodontic microbiology (23)

• What type of tissue is dental pulp?

  Connective tissue
• Where is dental pulp located?

  In the central cavity of the teeth
• What are the functions of dental pulp?

  Nutritional, sensory, and protective functions
• What is endodontics?

  Branch of dentistry for tooth root treatment
• What is pulpitis?

  Inflammation of the pulp
• What is apical periodontitis?

  Inflammation of periradicular tissues
• What are the types of pulp and periradicular infections?

  • Acute
  • Chronic
• What is the primary cause of pulp infection?

  Oral microorganisms
• What factors influence endodontic infection?

  Infecting organism, pulp conditions, host defense
• What protects the pulp from microorganisms?

  Enamel, cementum, and dentin
• What are endogenous factors that can alter physical barriers?

  Systemic diseases like diabetes
• What are exogenous factors affecting pulp infection?

  Physical, chemical, and microbial factors
• What can cause direct communication of the oral cavity with the pulp?

  Carious lesions and dental fractures
• What is the most prevalent cause of dental pulp infection?

  Communication of carious dentin through dentinal tubules
• What is one route of entry for microbiota into the pulp?

  Periodontal entry
• What is marginal leakage of restorations?

  Leakage through restorative material interface
• What is contiguity in the context of endodontic infection?

  Infectious processes adjacent to tooth structure
• What is anachoresis?

  Infection through the bloodstream
• What factors affect microbial colonization in endodontic infections?

  Entry, infectious dose, adhesion, proliferation
• What are virulence factors in endodontic infections?

  Exotoxins, endotoxins, bacterial enzymes
• What is the acute phase of the inflammatory response?

  Involves neutrophils and macrophages
• What occurs during the chronic phase of inflammation?

  Lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells involved
• What do inflammatory mediators do?

  Attract inflammatory cells and produce hyperemia
• What is symptomatic pulpitis?

  Pain persists after stimulus removal
• What characterizes acute symptomatic pulpitis?

  Intermittent pain
• What characterizes chronic symptomatic pulpitis?

  Moderate, diffuse, difficult-to-locate pain
• What is asymptomatic pulpitis?

  Inflammation without perceived pain
• What are the clinical features of apical periodontitis?

  • Symptomatic pulpitis
  • Asymptomatic pulpitis
  • Periapical injuries
  • Periapical abscesses
• What is the relationship between microbial aggression and pulp condition?

  High aggression leads to symptomatic pulpitis
• What is the role of root canal treatment?

  To manage high microbial aggression
• What is the purpose of microbiological diagnosis in endodontics?

  Identify and treat primary foci of infection
• What is the choice of antibiotic for purulent symptomatic irreversible pulpitis?

  Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid
• What is an alternative antibiotic for immunocompromised patients?

  Clindamycin or metronidazole + spiramycin
• What are the methods for microbiological diagnosis in endodontics?

  1. Direct examination
  2. Culture

  • Sample collection method
  • Sample processing
• What are the conditions for culture sample collection?

  • Difficult without contamination
  • Requires expert professional
• When is microbiological culture performed?

  • Resistant endodontic infections
  • Immunosuppressed patients