(4) safeguarding tendencies

• What did Adler believe about people's behavior patterns?

  They protect exaggerated self-esteem from disgrace
• How do safeguarding tendencies function according to Adler?

  They shield fragile self-esteem from public disgrace
• What is the format typically used for excuses?

  "Yes, but" or "If only" format
• What is the purpose of aggression in safeguarding tendencies?

  To protect fragile self-esteem from threats
• What does depreciation refer to in safeguarding tendencies?

  Undervaluing others' achievements and overvaluing one's own
• What is the tendency of accusation in safeguarding behavior?

  Blaming others for one's failures to protect self-esteem
• What characterizes self-accusation in safeguarding tendencies?

  Marked by self-torture and guilt
• What does withdrawal mean in the context of safeguarding tendencies?

  Running away from difficulties and challenges
• What is moving backward in safeguarding tendencies?

  Reverting to a more secure period of life
• What does standing still imply in safeguarding behavior?

  Avoiding all responsibility to prevent failure
• What does hesitating refer to in safeguarding tendencies?

  Vacillating when faced with difficult problems
• What is the purpose of constructing obstacles in safeguarding behavior?

  To create challenges that protect self-esteem
• How do excuses function in safeguarding one's self-esteem?

  They provide justifications for failures and shortcomings
• How does aggression serve to safeguard self-esteem?

  It defends against perceived threats to superiority
• In what way does self-accusation differ from other safeguarding tendencies?

  It involves internal guilt rather than external blame
• What is the psychological impact of moving backward as a safeguarding tendency?

  It hinders personal growth by avoiding challenges
• How does constructing obstacles relate to self-esteem protection?

  It allows individuals to feel accomplished despite challenges