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• How many kidneys are in the urinary system?


  2 kidneys
• How many ureters are in the urinary system?

  2 ureters
• What is the function of the urinary bladder?

  Stores urine
• What is the length of a kidney?

  4-5 in.
• What is the width of a kidney?

  2-3 in.
• What is the thickness of a kidney?

  1 in.
• Where are the kidneys located?

  Between T12 and L3 vertebrae
• Why is the right kidney lower than the left kidney?

  Due to the liver's position
• What is the renal hilus?

  A deep vertical fissure in the kidney
• What enters the renal sinus through the renal hilus?

  Ureter, blood and lymphatic vessels
• What is the fibrous capsule?

  Deepest layer covering the kidney
• What is the function of the perirenal fat/adipose capsule?

  Covers the fibrous capsule
• What is the renal fascia?

  Anchors kidney to other structures
• What is contained within the renal sinus?

  Blood vessels, collecting ducts, fat
• What are the two types of nephron?

  Cortical and juxtamedullary nephron
• How do cortical nephrons differ from juxtamedullary nephrons?

  Cortical nephrons have shorter loops of Henle
• What are the parts of the nephron?

  • Renal corpuscle
  • Bowman’s capsule
  • Glomerulus
  • Proximal convoluted tubule
  • Loop of Henle
  • Distal convoluted tubule
• What is the flow of urine through the urinary system?

  1. Collecting duct
  2. Papillary duct
  3. Minor calyx
  4. Major calyx
  5. Renal pelvis
  6. Ureter
  7. Urinary bladder
  8. Urethra
• What is the location of the ureters?

  Retroperitoneal
• What is the length of the ureters?

  10-12 in.
• What is the diameter of the ureters?

  0.7 in.
• What is the function of the ureters?

  Carry urine to urinary bladder
• What is a physiological valve in the ureters?

  Prevents backflow of urine
• What are the three coats of the ureters from deep to superficial?

  1. Mucosa

  • Transitional epithelium
  • Secretes mucus

  1. Muscularis

  • Smooth muscles
  • Peristalsis

  1. Adventitia

  • Connective tissue
  • Anchors ureters
• What is the location of the urinary bladder?

  In pelvic cavity
• How is the empty bladder shaped?

  Pyramidal
• What is the trigone in the urinary bladder?

  A triangular area in the bladder floor
• What is the maximum capacity of the urinary bladder?

  500 ml
• What are the three coats of the urinary bladder from deep to superficial?

  1. Mucosa

  • Transitional epithelium
  • Secretes mucus

  1. Muscularis

  • Detrusor muscle
  • Peristalsis

  1. Adventitia/serosa

  • Areolar connective tissue
  • Anchors bladder
• What is the urethra?

  A small tube from bladder to exterior
• How does the male urethra differ from the female urethra?

  Male urethra is longer and passes through prostate
• What are the regions of the male urethra?

  1. Prostatic urethra
  2. Membranous urethra
  3. Spongy urethra
• How long is the prostatic urethra?

  3 cm (1.25 in)
• How long is the membranous urethra?

  1.25 cm (0.5 in)
• How long is the spongy urethra?

  15.75 cm (6 in)
• How long is the female urethra?

  3.8 cm (1.5 in)
• Where does the female urethra extend from?

  From neck of bladder to external meatus
• What is located at the sides of the external urethral meatus in females?

  Small openings of paraurethral glands
• What is the function of the paraurethral glands?

  Secretes mucus