Long Parliament

• why was long parliament called

  - Charles faced financial strains and needed funds

  - such as having to pay Scottish £850 / day and council of peers in England wouldn't give Charles any money
• how did the long parliament limit the kings power

  - triennial act

  - signed in 1641

  - meant parliament would have to be held every three years and had to last at least 50 days

  - meant that only parliament could dismiss itself
• aims of long parliament

  - End PR finance

  - reverse catholic changes to the church

  - remove prerogative courts

  - get rid of 'evil' advisors such as laud and Stafford

  - restore constitutional balance
• grievances of long parliament

  - prerogative courts - didn't agree

  - impeachment - wanted to bring formal charged against ' evil' advisors such as Wentworth

  - army plot - conspiracy that royalist officers were to bring northern army to London to use force against parliament
• How did Charles attempt to limit long parliaments power

  - attempted to divide Scotland between royalist supporters and radical covs

  - 1640 Cumbernauld band - signed by Montrose and 17 other Scottish nobles , stated desire to defend the king
• how did long parliament address grievances 1640 - 1645

  - Bedfords proposed financial settlement

  - impeachment and execution of Wentworth and laud

  - grand remonstrance 1641

  - other legislation
• what was Bedfords financial settlement

  - attempt to control crown finance by bribing gap between crown and parliament

  - promised the abolition of confrontational PR finance

  - Charles was reluctant to settle with Bedford and Bedfords death in 1641 may meant no settlement was made
• Wentworth's Impeachment


  - criticised for : wanting to raise parliamentary funds to deal with the Scots , threat of absolutism due to his approach in Ireland , was too risky to criticise the king so they did it through him

  - impeachment in 1640 was because ; he'd tried to take the Irish army to help the king , Charles would accept the long parliaments reform attempts without ' evil ' advisors ,

  - Was put in the TOL , Pym revealed an army plot 3 may to seize the TOL and release Wentworth

  - bill of attainder passed , 204 votes to 59 , condemned him to death
• lauds execution


  - executed 1645

  - was given a royal pardon that was ignored

  - challenged royal authority
• what was the grand remonstrance 1641

  - was what put Wentworth int he TOL

  - used gym to try transfer control of armed forces to parliament

  - listed all grievances done by Charles during his reign

  - described how part was fixing problems

  - presented to king 1 dec 1641 but was ignored

  - so parliament published it to gain support

  - Charles rejected it 23 dec but was open for negotiations

  - created divisions and reduced the kings support outside of parliament
• Who was Pym?


  - leader of long parliament

  - wanted to establish a true religion free of catholicism

  - attacked Charles prerogative constantly
• what caused divisions in long parliament

  - root and branch petition 1640

  - grand remonstrance
• Root and Branch Petition 1640

  - signed by 15 000

  - demanded an end to bishops

  - caused divisions as people like pym wanted removal of catholic like practices for the 'true religion '

  - pym saw HM as a dangerous influence
• what was the significance of the grand remonstrance

  - list of mistakes showed why Charles shouldn't be trusted with army control

  - moderates were alarmed by the use of language and how anti catholic it was

  - vote was a close 159 - 148
• What was the Militia Bill 1641

  - by Haselrig

  - to remove kings power over trained bands and give it to parliament

  - made parliament in control of army to end Irish rebellion
• what was the five members coup 1642

  - Charles announced the impeachment of pym Hampden haselrig holles and montagu

  - with the justification that parliament was being controlled by these radicals
• consequences of the five members coup 1642

  - pym could use it as proof of Charles danger and that he couldn't be negotiated with

  - demonstrations against Charles , he left London due to this and parliament ended up with control of London

  - caused radicals to push for exclusion bill ( petition to remove bishops from part had 30 000 signatures , accepted 5 feb )
• what was the 10 propositions June 1641

  - confirmed parliamentarian radicalism

  - 24 June

  - made It clear that king was to make some concessions including part input of who was in the privy council , parliamentary control around the queen and of the religious education of the royal children
• what was the militia ordinance February 1642

  - showed the emergence of a parliamentary army

  - appointed deputies by parliamentary permission not royal

  - proposed £400 000 ship money
• what did Charles do in response to the militia ordinance

  - commissions of array

  - invoked prerogative as a means of raising forces

  were sent to leading figures in the counties to authorise them raising crown forces
• how did people tried to avoid a war

  - gentry in 22 counties tried to stop war happening by using kingship ties to bind themself to neutrality pacts
• what were the 19 propositions June 1642

  - issued by parliament

  - stated demands for a negotiated settlement

  . Charles had to accept militia ordinance and triennial act

  . part to direct church reformation

  . 5 impeached MPs to be pardoned