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Biology
Classification and biodiversity
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Created by
Joscelin Trevornie
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Cards (82)
What does the term phylogenetic mean?
Evolutionary
relatedness
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How does phylogenetic classification group organisms?
By reflecting their
evolutionary
history
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What is the common ancestor of all life called?
LUCA
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What do branch points in a phylogenetic tree represent?
Common ancestors
of organisms
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What is the largest taxonomic group called?
Domain
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What is the smallest taxonomic group?
Species
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How do taxa relate to each other in classification?
Smaller
groups
are contained within larger groups
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Why is a phylogenetic classification system necessary?
It infers
evolutionary
relationships
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What is the main feature of the Kingdom Prokaryota?
Microscopic,
single-celled
organisms
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What distinguishes fungi from plants?
Fungi
have
chitin
cell walls
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What type of organisms does the domain Eukaryota include?
Plantae, Animalia, Fungi,
Protoctista
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How were domains originally defined?
Based on rRNA base sequences
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What does the presence of homologous features suggest?
A
common ancestor
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What is the definition of homologous structures?
Similar arrangement with different
functions
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What is the difference between homologous and analogous structures?
Homologous have similar
origins
, analogous do not
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What does DNA base sequence analysis reveal?
Evolutionary relationships
among species
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How does DNA hybridisation work?
It compares DNA base sequences of
species
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What does a high similarity in amino acid sequences indicate?
Close
evolutionary relationship
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What is the morphological definition of species?
Similarity in
appearance
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What is a sterile hybrid?
Offspring that cannot
reproduce
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Who introduced the binomial system?
Carl Linnaeus
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What is the purpose of the binomial system?
To provide unique
scientific names
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What must be done when writing a scientific name for the first time?
Write
it
out
in
full
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What does succession refer to in ecology?
Change
in
community composition
over
time
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How does human activity affect biodiversity?
It decreases biodiversity and increases
extinction
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What is biodiversity?
Number of
species
and
organisms
in an
environment
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What is the normal rate of extinction?
One extinction per
1 million
species per
year
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What is the greatest threat to biodiversity?
Human destruction of
habitat
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What is the purpose of CITES?
To ban sale of
endangered
species
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What do national parks protect?
Habitats
from
over-development
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How do conservation organizations help biodiversity?
By educating and
monitoring
changes
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What is the goal of captive breeding programs?
To breed
endangered species
in captivity
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What do seed banks do?
Preserve seeds of all
species
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What is the significance of biodiversity for humans?
Source of food, materials, and
medicines
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What does Simpson's index measure?
Biodiversity
of motile organisms
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How can assessing biodiversity help conservation efforts?
By
monitoring
changes over time
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What role do plants and animals play in human civilization?
Support
human
civilization
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Name a staple food provided by plants.
Wheat
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What are essential raw materials provided by plants?
Cotton
,
rubber
, and wood
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Why are disease-resistant genes important?
They can be spliced into
GM
crops
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