Classification and biodiversity

Cards (82)

  • What does the term phylogenetic mean?
    Evolutionary relatedness
  • How does phylogenetic classification group organisms?
    By reflecting their evolutionary history
  • What is the common ancestor of all life called?
    LUCA
  • What do branch points in a phylogenetic tree represent?
    Common ancestors of organisms
  • What is the largest taxonomic group called?
    Domain
  • What is the smallest taxonomic group?
    Species
  • How do taxa relate to each other in classification?
    Smaller groups are contained within larger groups
  • Why is a phylogenetic classification system necessary?
    It infers evolutionary relationships
  • What is the main feature of the Kingdom Prokaryota?
    Microscopic, single-celled organisms
  • What distinguishes fungi from plants?
    Fungi have chitin cell walls
  • What type of organisms does the domain Eukaryota include?
    Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, Protoctista
  • How were domains originally defined?
    Based on rRNA base sequences
  • What does the presence of homologous features suggest?
    A common ancestor
  • What is the definition of homologous structures?
    Similar arrangement with different functions
  • What is the difference between homologous and analogous structures?
    Homologous have similar origins, analogous do not
  • What does DNA base sequence analysis reveal?
    Evolutionary relationships among species
  • How does DNA hybridisation work?
    It compares DNA base sequences of species
  • What does a high similarity in amino acid sequences indicate?
    Close evolutionary relationship
  • What is the morphological definition of species?
    Similarity in appearance
  • What is a sterile hybrid?
    Offspring that cannot reproduce
  • Who introduced the binomial system?
    Carl Linnaeus
  • What is the purpose of the binomial system?
    To provide unique scientific names
  • What must be done when writing a scientific name for the first time?
    Write it out in full
  • What does succession refer to in ecology?
    Change in community composition over time
  • How does human activity affect biodiversity?
    It decreases biodiversity and increases extinction
  • What is biodiversity?
    Number of species and organisms in an environment
  • What is the normal rate of extinction?
    One extinction per 1 million species per year
  • What is the greatest threat to biodiversity?
    Human destruction of habitat
  • What is the purpose of CITES?
    To ban sale of endangered species
  • What do national parks protect?
    Habitats from over-development
  • How do conservation organizations help biodiversity?
    By educating and monitoring changes
  • What is the goal of captive breeding programs?
    To breed endangered species in captivity
  • What do seed banks do?
    Preserve seeds of all species
  • What is the significance of biodiversity for humans?
    Source of food, materials, and medicines
  • What does Simpson's index measure?
    Biodiversity of motile organisms
  • How can assessing biodiversity help conservation efforts?
    By monitoring changes over time
  • What role do plants and animals play in human civilization?
    Support human civilization
  • Name a staple food provided by plants.
    Wheat
  • What are essential raw materials provided by plants?
    Cotton, rubber, and wood
  • Why are disease-resistant genes important?
    They can be spliced into GM crops