How the kidneys work

Cards (20)

  • What is the main job of the kidneys?
    To filter blood and remove waste
  • What is the main waste product filtered by the kidneys?
    Urea
  • How is urea produced in the body?
    Through deamination of excess amino acids
  • Why is it important to regulate ion levels in the body?
    To prevent damage to cells
  • What ions do we get from our diet?
    Sodium and potassium ions
  • How do we lose ions from our body?
    Through sweating
  • What is the primary way we lose water from the body?
    Through urine produced by kidneys
  • What happens to cells when there is too much water in the body?
    They swell and may burst
  • What is the process called where the kidneys absorb useful substances?
    Selective reabsorption
  • What structures in the kidneys are responsible for filtering blood?
    Nephrons
  • What is the analogy used to describe selective reabsorption?
    Cleaning out your house
  • What does the hypothalamus detect in the bloodstream?
    The concentration of water
  • What hormone is released by the pituitary gland to regulate water levels?
    ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
  • What effect does ADH have on the kidneys?
    Increases water reabsorption
  • What happens when water levels in the bloodstream are too high?
    Less ADH is released
  • What is a negative feedback loop in the context of water regulation?
    A system that maintains balance
  • What are the main roles of the kidneys?
    • Remove waste products like urea
    • Regulate levels of ions and water
  • How do the kidneys filter blood and reabsorb substances?
    1. Filtration: Blood passes through nephrons
    2. Reabsorption: Useful substances like glucose are retained
    3. Urine formation: Waste products are excreted
  • How does the body respond to dehydration?
    • Hypothalamus detects low water levels
    • Signals pituitary gland to release ADH
    • Kidneys reabsorb more water
    • Urine production decreases
  • What happens when the body has excess water?
    • Hypothalamus reduces ADH release
    • Kidneys reabsorb less water
    • Urine production increases