Behaviourism A01

• Behaviorist approach

  Focuses on observable and measurable behavior
• John B Watson

  Rejected introspection and focused on behavior
• Lab experiments

  Behaviorists maintained control and objectivity in research
• Darwin


  Behaviorists suggested that learning processes are the same in all species so animals could replace humans as experimental subjects
• Classical conditioning


  Learning through association, demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov
• Ivan Pavlov


  Firstly demonstrated classical conditioning with dogs
• Conditioned response

  Response to a previously neutral stimulus after conditioning
• Operant conditioning


  Learning from the environment through reinforcement and punishment
• Positive reinforcement


  Reward for certain behavior
• Negative reinforcement


  Avoiding something unpleasant as a result of behavior
• Punishment


  Unpleasant consequence for behavior
• Skinner experiment

  Skinner conducted experiments with rats and sometimes pigeons in Skinner boxes where when an animal pushed a lever, it got food causing it to repeat those actions. Discovery of operant conditioning