Structure of the kidneys

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  Structure inside

  
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  Structure .

  
• What is excretion?


  The process of eliminating waste products from the body.
• Types of excretion


  Sweating, breathing, and urinating
• The Bowman’s capsule


  Collects filtrate from the glomerulus and transports it to the tubules
• Glomerulus


  Filters blood by creating a region of high pressure.
• Ultrafiltration 


  The movement of materials from the glomerulus into the Bowman’s Capsule
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  Structure labelled

  
• What is the main focus of this video?

  Structure of the kidneys and nephrons
• What is one key role of the liver?

  Production of nitrogenous waste products
• What molecule is produced when the liver metabolizes excess amino acids?

  Urea
• How does urea enter the bloodstream?

  It passes from the liver into the bloodstream
• What happens to urea when blood passes through the kidneys?

  Urea is filtered out and excreted
• What is one of the key roles of the kidneys?

  Remove waste molecules like urea
• What is osmoregulation?

  Adjusting the concentration of water in blood
• How many kidneys do humans have?

  Two kidneys
• Where are the kidneys located in the human body?

  In the abdomen
• How does blood enter each kidney?

  Via the renal artery
• What happens to blood after it passes through the kidneys?

  It leaves via the renal vein
• What connects the renal vein to the heart?

  The vena cava
• What is the function of the ureter?

  Carry urine to the bladder
• What is the tube called that releases urine from the body?

  Urethra
• How many nephrons are there in each kidney?

  Around 1.5 million nephrons
• What is the functional part of the kidneys?

  The nephron
• How does blood enter the nephron?

  Via the afferent arteriole
• What is the glomerulus?

  A dense network of capillaries in the nephron
• What surrounds the glomerulus?

  The Bowman's capsule
• What process occurs when blood passes through the glomerulus?

  Ultrafiltration
• What types of molecules are filtered out of the blood?

  Waste molecules like urea and glucose
• What is reabsorption in the nephron?

  Returning useful molecules to the blood
• What is the first part of the nephron called?

  Proximal convoluted tubule
• What does the loop of Henle do?

  Produces a high concentration of solutes
• How is water reabsorbed in the nephron?

  By osmosis from the tubule to blood
• What determines the level of water reabsorption?

  The water potential of the blood
• What are the three distinct regions of the kidney?

  Cortex, medulla, pelvis
• Where does ultrafiltration take place in the kidney?

  In the cortex
• What structures are found in the medulla?

  Loops of Henle and collecting ducts
• Where does urine pass through on its way to the ureter?

  Through the pelvis
• What will the next video cover?

  The process of ultrafiltration
• What is the main role of the kidneys?

  To remove waste molecules such as urea from the blood