Reasons for migration

• What were the learning outcomes of the chapter?

  Know about English society and migration reasons
• What was Britain like in the 18th and 19th centuries?

  It underwent great changes affecting migration
• What encouraged many migrants to Britain in the 18th and 19th centuries?

  Greater freedoms and escape from persecution
• What was a significant factor in attracting migrants to growing towns?

  Job opportunities in factories
• How did the British Empire impact migration?

  It attracted migrants and increased forced migration
• What improved transport links contributed to migration?

  Travel became easier to and around Britain
• What changes occurred in Parliament in the 19th century?

  Parliament became more inclusive for men
• What percentage of the population could vote before 1832?

  5%
• What did the 1832 Reform Act accomplish?

  It expanded voting rights to more men
• What act allowed Catholics civil rights similar to Protestants?

  Catholic Emancipation Act of 1829
• What was the impact of greater rights for workers on migration?

  It made industrial towns more attractive
• How did the Industrial Revolution affect migration?

  It increased demand for workers in factories
• What was the urban population growth from 1700 to 1900?

  From 5 million to 32.5 million
• What transportation improvements occurred by 1840?

  A network of roads connected major cities
• What was the significance of the Liverpool to Manchester railway?

  It was a faster way to transport goods
• How did steam power impact shipping?

  It connected Britain with global ports
• How did the growth of industrial towns affect migrant communities?

  It facilitated their growth and development
• What was the impact of the British Empire on migration patterns?

  It increased contact and migration globally
• What was the attitude of British society towards migrants?

  It varied depending on the migrants' backgrounds
• What challenges did migrants face upon arrival in Britain?

  Prejudice and suspicion from locals
• What was a common reason for prejudice against migrants?

  Fear of job competition
• How did attitudes towards migrants change over time?

  They integrated new communities gradually
• What was the Highland Clearances?

  Eviction of tenant farmers for sheep farming
• What was the main reason for Irish migration in the 1800s?

  Events causing mass migration from Ireland
• How did the agricultural and political system affect Irish migrants?

  It caused resentment and desperation among them
• What was the first official census in Britain?

  1841
• What information did the 1851 census provide?

  Place of birth of people counted
• What is arable farming?

  Growing crops like oats and wheat
• How did the changes in industry affect migration patterns?

  Increased demand for labor in factories
• What similarities existed between Irish migrants and Lancastrians in the 18th century?

  Both sought better opportunities in Britain
• What were the main factors influencing migration to Britain in the 18th and 19th centuries?

  • Government changes promoting freedoms
  • Industrialisation creating job opportunities
  • Growth of the British Empire attracting migrants
  • Improved transport links facilitating movement
• What were the impacts of the Industrial Revolution on British society and migration?

  • Increased demand for factory workers
  • Urbanisation as towns grew in size
  • Development of transportation networks
  • Growth of migrant communities in industrial towns
• What were the attitudes of British society towards different migrant groups?

  • Varied based on migrants' backgrounds
  • Prejudice and suspicion were common
  • Integration occurred over time
  • Economic fears influenced attitudes
• What were the consequences of the Highland Clearances for Scottish farmers?

  • Eviction of tenant farmers
  • Migration to less fertile areas
  • Emigration to countries like Canada and Australia
• What role did the census play in understanding migration in Britain?

  • Counted population every ten years
  • Provided data on place of birth
  • Helped analyze migration trends over time
• What caused thousands of Irish people to migrate in the 1800s?

  Events in Ireland
• What was a common reason for Irish migrants traveling to England before the 1800s?

  Seasonal work like harvesting
• How did the agricultural and political system affect those who fled east according to Robert Winder?

  It ruined their livelihoods, causing resentment
• What was the main food for millions of poor people in Ireland?

  Potatoes
• What happened during the years 1845-49 that affected the Irish population?

  Failure of the potato crop