Section 1

• What species is this fish?

  Sphyrna lewini

  
• What species is this fish?

  Hydrolagus sp

  
• What species is this fish?

  Carcharhinus leucas

  
• What species is this fish?

  Carcharhinus brevipinna

  
• What species is this fish?

  Rostroraja texana

  
• What species of fish is this?

  Ginglymostoma cirratum

  
• What species is this fish?

  
  

  Narcine bancroftii

  
• What species is this fish?

  Rhinoptera bonasus

  
• What species is this fish?

  Dasyatis sabina

  
• What species is this fish?

  Scyliorhinus retirer

  
• What species is this fish?

  Mustelus canis

  
• What species is this fish?

  Carcharhinus acronotus

  
• What order does this fish belong to?

  Carcharhiniformes

  
• What family does this fish belong to?

  Sphyrnidae

  
• Knowing that Sphyrna lewini belongs to the order Carcharhiniformes what synapomorphies does Sphyrna lewini have?

  Nictating membrane

  Gill rakers and spiracles absent

  
• Knowing that Sphyrna lewini belongs to the family Sphyrnidae what characteristics does Sphyrna lewini have?

  Head with flattened lateral expansions making the appearance to be spade or hammer-like

  
• What order does this fish belong to?

  Chimaeriformes

  
• What family does this fish belong to?

  Chimeridae

  
• What order does this fish belong to?

  Carcharhiniformes

  
• What family does this fish belong to?

  Carcharhinidae

  
• Knowing that Carcharhinus leucas belongs to the order Carcharhiniformes what synapomorphies does Carcharhinus leucas have?

  Nictating membrane

  Gill rakers and spiracles absent

  
• Knowing that Carcharhinus leucas belongs to the family Carcharhinidae what characteristics does Carcharhinus leucas have?

  Precaudal pit present on dorsum of caudal peduncle

  Teeth triangular usually with cutting edges

  
• What order does this fish belong to?

  Carcharhiniformes

  
• What family does this fish belong to?

  Carcharhinidae

  
• Knowing that Carcharhinus brevipinna belongs to the order Carcharhiniformes what synapomorphies does Carcharhinus brevipinna have?

  Nictating membrane

  Gill rakers and spiracles absent
• Knowing that Carcharhinus brevipinna belongs to the order Carcharhiniformes what synapomorphies does Carcharhinus brevipinna have?

  Nictating membrane

  Gill rakers and spiracles absent

  
• Knowing that Carcharhinus brevipinna belongs to the family Carcharhinidae what characteristics does Carcharhinus brevipinna have?

  Precaudal pit present on dorsum of caudal peduncle

  Teeth triangular usually with cutting edges

  
• What order does this fish belong to?

  Carcharhiniformes

  
• What family does this fish belong to?

  Triakidae

  
• Knowing that Mustelus canis belongs to the order Carcharhiniformes what synapomorphies does Mustelus canis have?

  Nictating membrane

  Gill rakers and spiracles absent

  
• Knowing that Mustelus canis belongs to the family Triakidae what characteristics does Mustelus canis have?

  Precaudal pit absent

  Teeth broad and blunt without sharp edges

  Ridges above eyes present

  
• What order does this fish belong to?

  Rajiformes

  
• What family does this fish belong to?

  Rajidae

  
• Knowing that Rostroraja texana belongs to the order Rajiformes what synapomorphies does Rostroraja texana have?

  Caudal fin reduced or absent

  Prickles/thorns derived from denticles

  Dorsal fins reduced or absent

  Oviparous

  
• Knowing that Rostroraja texana belongs to the family Rajidae what characteristics does Rostroraja texana have?

  Tail slender sharply differentiated from body

  Dorsal fins inserted just anterior to tip of tail and closely spaced

  
• What order does this fish belong to?

  Orectolobiformes

  
• What family does this fish belong to?

  Gingylmostomatidae

  
• Knowing that Ginglymostoma cirratum belongs to the order Orectolobiformes what synapomorphies does Ginglymostoma cirratum have??

  2 dorsal fins without spines

  Spiracles present near eyes

  Nasal barbels

  Nasoral grooves

  
• Knowing that Ginglymostoma cirratum belongs to the family Gingylmostomatidae what characteristics does Ginglymostoma cirratum have?

  Mouth smaller and subterminal

  Front margin of nostrils with well-developed barbels connected to the mouth by nasoral grooves

  
• What order does this fish belong to?

  Torpediniformes