Neurons

• What is one difference between the autonomic and somatic nervous systems?

  Autonomic controls involuntary processes
• What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

  • Central Nervous System (CNS)
  • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
• What does the Central Nervous System consist of?

  Brain and spinal cord
• What does the Peripheral Nervous System consist of?

  Somatic and autonomic nervous systems
• What type of movements does the Somatic Nervous System control?

  Voluntary movements
• What processes does the Autonomic Nervous System regulate?

  Involuntary processes like heart rate
• What does the Sympathetic Nervous System prepare the body for?

  "Fight or flight" response
• What does the Parasympathetic Nervous System do?

  Restores the body to rest
• What are specialized cells that transmit signals in the nervous system called?

  Neurons
• What is the function of the myelin sheath?

  Insulates axons to speed up transmission
• Where do signals pass between neurons?

  At the synapse
• Which lobe is involved in decision-making and voluntary movements?

  Frontal lobe
• What are the key parts of a neuron and their functions?

  • Cell Body: Contains nucleus and mitochondria
  • Dendrites: Receive messages from other neurons
  • Axon: Transfers information to axon terminals
  • Myelin Sheath: Insulates axons, speeds up transmission
  • Nodes of Ranvier: Gaps in myelin sheath
• What are the types of neurons and their functions?

  • Sensory Neurons: Carry signals from sensory receptors to CNS
  • Relay Neurons: Transmit signals between sensory and motor neurons
  • Motor Neurons: Carry signals from CNS to muscles or glands
• How do neurons function in the nervous system?

  • Process and transmit messages
  • Involved in CNS and PNS functions
  • Facilitate reflex actions and responses
• How do sensory neurons function in response to stimuli?

  They carry signals to the CNS for processing
• What role do relay neurons play in the nervous system?

  Connect sensory and motor neurons within the CNS
• How do motor neurons affect muscle movement?

  They trigger muscle contraction or gland secretion
• How do the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems differ in function?

  Sympathetic prepares for action; parasympathetic restores rest
• What is the significance of the nodes of Ranvier in neuron function?

  They facilitate faster signal transmission along the axon
• How does the structure of a neuron support its function?

  Long axons and dendrites enable efficient signal transmission
• How many neurons are in the human nervous system?

  100 billion neurons
• What percentage of neurons are located in the brain?

  80% of neurons
• What is the primary means of communication in the nervous system?

  Electrical and chemical signals from neurons
• What is the role of neurons in the nervous system?

  • Process and transmit messages
  • Facilitate communication between CNS and PNS
  • Enable reflex actions and responses
• What is the main focus of the video on biopsychology?

  How the nervous system transmits signals
• What are neurons responsible for in the nervous system?

  Enabling communication within the nervous system
• How many neurons are estimated to be in the nervous system?

  Around 100 billion neurons
• What percentage of neurons are found in the brain?

  Approximately 80%
• How do neurons transmit signals?

  Electrically and chemically
• What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?

  Receive information from other neurons
• What does the axon do in a neuron?

  Carries nerve impulses away from the cell body
• What is the role of the myelin sheath?

  Insulates and protects the axon
• What are the nodes of Ranvier?

  Gaps in the myelin sheath
• What do terminal buttons do?

  Send impulses to the next neuron
• What is the synapse?

  The gap between one neuron and another
• What are neurotransmitters?

  Chemicals that transmit signals between neurons
• What is the function of receptors in the nervous system?

  Detect changes in the environment
• What is an effector?

  An organ or cell that acts in response
• What is a reflex action?

  An automatic involuntary response to a stimulus