Localisation of Function

• What is the main idea of localisation of function?

  Different brain parts are responsible for different functions
• How does brain damage affect functions according to localisation theory?

  Only functions linked to the damaged area are affected
• Who discovered Broca's area?

  Paul Broca
• What was the name of Broca's patient?

  Tan (real name Lebourgne)
• What was found in Tan's brain after his death?

  A large lesion in the left frontal lobe
• What function is associated with Broca's area?

  Speech production
• What condition is associated with underactivity in Broca's area?

  Stuttering
• What is Broca's Aphasia characterized by?

  Difficulty finding words and forming sentences
• What is a common feature of speech in Broca's Aphasia?

  Speaks in short, meaningful sentences
• Who studied language deficits alongside Broca?

  Carl Wernicke
• Where is Wernicke's area located?

  On the temporal lobe
• What function is associated with Wernicke's area?

  Speech comprehension
• What is Wernicke's Aphasia also known as?

  Fluent aphasia
• What is a characteristic of Wernicke's Aphasia?

  Struggles to understand language
• How do individuals with Wernicke's Aphasia speak?

  Produces long fluent sentences with little meaning
• What are the differences in function between Broca's area and Wernicke's area?

  • Broca's area: Speech production
  • Wernicke's area: Speech comprehension
• What does the motor cortex control?

  Voluntary movements of the body's muscles
• What does the somatosensory cortex process?

  Sensory information from the body
• What does the visual cortex process?

  Visual information received from the eyes
• What does the auditory cortex process?

  Sounds and auditory information
• What are language centres primarily involved in?

  Understanding and producing language
• Where is Broca's area located?

  In the left frontal lobe
• Where is Wernicke's area located?

  In the left temporal lobe
• What is Wernicke's Aphasia characterized by?

  Fluent but nonsensical speech
• What was the focus of Delgado's study?

  Using electrodes to control motor movement
• What happens if an illness damages a specific part of the brain?

  Behavior associated with that area is affected
• What was the dominant view of the brain in the 19th century?

  Holistic theory
• Who conducted research that led to the localization of function theory?

  Paul Broca and Carl Wernicke
• What does localization of function imply?

  Different brain areas are responsible for specific functions
• What is the outer part of the brain called?

  Cerebral cortex
• How many lobes does the cerebral cortex contain?

  Four lobes
• What are the names of the four lobes of the brain?

  Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
• What is the function of the frontal lobe?

  Movement, personality, and higher-level thinking
• Where is the motor area located?

  Back of the frontal lobe
• What does the parietal lobe process?

  Sensory information like touch and pressure
• What is the primary sensory area responsible for?

  Interpreting information from the body
• What is the somatosensory area associated with?

  Body senses
• What separates the motor area and somatosensory area?

  Central sulcus
• What is the function of the occipital lobe?

  Responsible for sight
• What does the temporal lobe process?

  Sounds and auditory information