BIOENERGETICS

• What are the two types of plant defence responses?

  Physical and chemical responses
• What are the physical defence responses of plants?

  • Cellulose cell walls
  • Tough waxy cuticle on leaves
  • Layers of dead cells around stems
• What are the chemical defence responses of plants?

  • Antibacterial chemicals
  • Poisons to deter herbivores
• What are some mechanical adaptations of plants?

  • Thorns and hairs deter animals
  • Leaves droop or curl when touched
  • Mimicry to trick animals
• What is the process by which plants harness the Sun's energy?

  Photosynthesis
• What does photosynthesis liberate into the atmosphere?

  Oxygen
• What is aerobic respiration?

  Oxidation of food using oxygen
• What happens during vigorous exercise regarding respiration?

  The body switches to anaerobic respiration
• What is the equation for photosynthesis?

  carbon dioxide + water light glucose + oxygen
• What are the chemical symbols for carbon dioxide and water?

  CO2 and H2O
• How is photosynthesis described in terms of energy?

  It is an endothermic reaction
• What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

  Temperature, light intensity, CO2 concentration
• How can students measure the rate of photosynthesis?

  By using an aquatic organism like pondweed
• What are the uses of glucose produced in photosynthesis?

  • Used for respiration
  • Converted into insoluble starch for storage
  • Used to produce fat or oil for storage
  • Used to produce cellulose
  • Used to produce amino acids for protein synthesis
• What is aerobic respiration represented by?

  glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water
• What is anaerobic respiration in muscles represented by?

  glucose lactic acid
• What is the main consequence of anaerobic respiration in muscles?

  Build-up of lactic acid
• What is anaerobic respiration in yeast called?

  Fermentation
• What happens to lactic acid after exercise?

  It is transported to the liver
• What is metabolism?

  The sum of all reactions in a cell
• What are the key processes included in metabolism?

  • Conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen, cellulose
  • Formation of lipid molecules
  • Use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids
  • Respiration
  • Breakdown of excess proteins to form urea
• What do plants use to produce proteins?

  Nitrate ions absorbed from soil
• Why is energy transferred by respiration important?

  It supplies energy for living processes
• How do aerobic and anaerobic respiration differ in energy transfer?

  Aerobic transfers more energy than anaerobic
• What is the role of oxygen debt after exercise?

  To react with lactic acid and remove it
• What is the chemical symbol for glucose?

  C6H12O6
• What is the chemical symbol for water?

  H2O
• What is the chemical symbol for carbon dioxide?

  CO2
• What is the chemical symbol for oxygen?

  O2