Behaviourism

• What is classical conditioning?

  A type of learning associating two stimuli
• How does classical conditioning work?

  One stimulus causes a natural response through pairing
• In the dog example, what does the bell represent?

  A conditioned stimulus after pairing with food
• What happens to the dog's response when the bell is rung without food?

  The conditioned response weakens over time
• Who is the key figure in classical conditioning?

  Ivan Pavlov
• What did Pavlov's experiments demonstrate?

  Learning occurs through associating two stimuli
• What is an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?


  A stimulus that naturally triggers a response
• What is an unconditioned response (UCR)?

  An automatic response to the unconditioned stimulus
• What is a neutral stimulus (NS)?


  A stimulus that does not initially trigger a response
• What is a conditioned stimulus (CS)?

  A neutral stimulus that triggers a conditioned response
• What is a conditioned response (CR)?

  A learned response to the conditioned stimulus
• What are the five key components of classical conditioning?

  1. Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
  2. Unconditioned Response (UCR)
  3. Neutral Stimulus (NS)
  4. Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
  5. Conditioned Response (CR)
• What is the process of acquisition in classical conditioning?

  Learning a conditioned response through repeated pairing
• What is the first step in the acquisition process?

  Present the unconditioned stimulus to elicit a response
• What happens during extinction in classical conditioning?

  The conditioned response weakens when the CS is presented alone
• What is discrimination in classical conditioning?

  Learning to distinguish between the conditioned stimulus and other stimuli
• What are the differences between extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, and discrimination?

  • Extinction: Weakening of CR without UCS
  • Spontaneous Recovery: Reappearance of CR after rest
  • Generalization: Similar response to similar stimuli
  • Discrimination: Distinguishing between CS and other stimuli
• What is an example of spontaneous recovery?

  Salivation returns after a break from the bell
• If a child feels anxious seeing a spider picture after pairing it with a treat, what is the CS?


  The picture of the spider
• How does generalization affect responses to similar stimuli?


  It causes similar responses to those stimuli
• What is the role of the unconditioned stimulus in classical conditioning?

  It naturally triggers an unconditioned response
• What is the significance of Pavlov's research?

  It established principles of classical conditioning
• How does the neutral stimulus become a conditioned stimulus?

  Through repeated pairing with the unconditioned stimulus
• What is an example of a conditioned response?

  Salivation in response to the bell
• If a dog salivates to a bell and a similar tone, what is this an example of?

  Generalization
• How does discrimination help in classical conditioning?

  It allows distinguishing between similar stimuli
• What is an example of extinction in a real-life scenario?

  Not responding to a bell after no food
• How does spontaneous recovery demonstrate the persistence of learned behaviors?

  It shows that learned responses can return unexpectedly
• What is the relationship between the conditioned stimulus and the conditioned response?

  The CS triggers the CR after conditioning
• What is an example of a neutral stimulus in Pavlov's experiment?


  The bell before pairing with food
• Why is the concept of generalization important in classical conditioning?

  It shows how responses can extend to similar stimuli
• How does the process of acquisition relate to the overall learning in classical conditioning?

  It establishes the connection between stimuli and responses
• What is the significance of the conditioned response in behavior modification?

  It reflects learned behaviors that can be modified
• What is the main goal of classical conditioning?

  To create associations between stimuli and responses
• How does extinction affect the conditioned response over time?

  It leads to a gradual decrease in the response
• If a dog stops salivating to a bell, what does this indicate?

  Extinction of the conditioned response
• What role does spontaneous recovery play in understanding learned behaviors?


  It shows that learned behaviors can resurface
• What is an example of a conditioned response in Pavlov's experiment?

  Salivation in response to the bell
• How does the concept of classical conditioning apply to everyday life?

  It explains how associations influence behavior
• What is an example of generalization in classical conditioning?

  Any bell might make you excited