Endocrine System Structures

• Hypothalamus:

  • Part of brain
  • Located above the pituitary
• What gland secretes ADH?

  Hypothalamus
• What gland has osmoreceptors to detect low water levels?

  Hypothalamus
• The hypothalamus responds and releases ADH
• Pituatary gland chemical coordinator

  TSH—> thyroid gland —> thyroxin

  FSH —> ovary —> ovum

  Testes —> sperm

  LH —> ovary —> ovulation

  Prolactin —> mammary gland—> breast milk

  ACTH —> adrenal gland —> cortisone &

  aldosterone

  ICSH —> testes —> testosterone

  GH —> skeleton & muscles —> growth
• What disorder occurs in children with hypersecretion of the pituitary gland?

  Gigantism (overdevelopment of the skeleton)
• What disorders occur with hypo-secretion of the pituitary gland?

  
  

  
  

  underdevelopment of skeleton

  pituitary dwarfism
• What is the gland in this picture?

  Thyroid

  
• What is the butterfly shaped gland on the trachea, below the larynx?

  Thyroid
• What gland increases the basal metabolic rate?

  Thyroid
• What gland plays a role in the normal functioning of the heart?

  Thyroid
• What gland plays a role in the normal functioning of neutrons, increases awareness?

  Thyroid
• Disorders of the thyroid:

  • Hypothyroidism
  • Adults = myxedema
  • Children = cretinism
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • High metabolic rate
• What organ / gland is in this picture?

  Pancreas

  
• What is the pancreas attached to?

  Small intestine
• What is both an endocrine and an exocrine gland?

  Pancreas
• Which part of the pancreas is endocrine?

  
  

  islets if Langerhans
• Islets of Langerhans

  alpha cell = glucagon (glucose increase)
• Islets of Langerhans

  beta cell = insulin (glucose decrease)
• Where are Islets of Langerhans located?

  Pancreas
• Diabetes 1:

  starts in childhood

  insulin dependent

  autoimmune disease

  doesn‘t make enough insulin
• What disorder is caused by issues with the pancreas?

  Diabetes
• Diabetes 2:

  starts in childhood

  non insulin dependent

  produces less / not able to use insulin (no response to hormone)
• What are the ovaries attached to?

  Uterus
• The ovaries are in the lower abdomen
• Oestrogen:

  • Rapid physical growth
  • Secondary sex characteristics
  • Maturation of sex organs
• Progesterone:

  • Promotes cyclic changes in endometrium
  • During pregnancy maintains endometrium
  • Keeps smooth muscle of uterus relaxed during pregnancy
• What is in this picture?

  Testes

  
• The testes are inside the scrotum
• The testes are in the lower abdomen
• What hormone keeps smooth muscles of uterus relaxed during pregnancy?

  Progesterone
• What are the two hormones produced by the ovaries?

  Oestrogen and progesterone
• A) Stimulus

  B) Receptor

  C) Control centre

  D) Corrective measure

  E) Effectors

  F) Response to stimulus

  G) Return to normal

  H) Result