newtons's laws of motion and momentum

• What is Newton's first law of motion?

  An object remains at rest or constant velocity
• What does Newton's first law imply about a space probe in space?

  It moves at constant velocity without net force
• What does Newton's second law state about net force and momentum?

  Net force is proportional to rate of change of momentum
• How is the net force related to acceleration for constant mass?

  Net force equals mass times acceleration
• What is the equation for net force when mass is constant?

  f = m * a
• What happens when two objects interact according to Newton's third law?

  They exert equal and opposite forces on each other
• In a collision, what direction does object A's force on object B point?

  To the left
• Why are normal reaction force and weight not a Newtonian pair?

  They act on the same body
• What is the principle of conservation of momentum?

  Total momentum remains unchanged without external force
• How do you calculate the force from water on a shower head?

  Using Newton's second law
• What is impulse in physics?

  Average net force multiplied by time
• How is impulse related to momentum?

  Impulse equals change in momentum
• How can impulse be found on a force vs. time graph?

  By calculating the area under the graph
• What is the formula for momentum?

  p = m * v
• What is the unit of momentum?

  kilograms per meters per second
• What happens to momentum in a perfectly elastic collision?

  Both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved
• What characterizes a perfectly inelastic collision?

  Objects stick together after collision
• How do you conserve momentum in two dimensions?

  Conserve momentum independently in each direction
• What is the total momentum in the y direction before a collision if no object is moving vertically?

  Zero
• How do you resolve momentum in a two-dimensional collision problem?

  Use vector resolution for each direction
• How do you find the rebound speed after a collision?

  Use conservation of momentum equations
• What is the formula for calculating the final velocity in a collision?

  v = (m_a * v_a) / (m_a + m_b)
• What does a negative rebound speed indicate?

  Direction of motion has reversed
• What is the significance of angles in two-dimensional momentum problems?

  They determine the direction of momentum components
• What is the relationship between impulse and area in a force vs. time graph?

  Impulse equals the area under the graph
• What is the role of external forces in momentum conservation?

  External forces can change total momentum
• How do you calculate the change in momentum?

  Final momentum minus initial momentum
• What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions regarding energy?

  Elastic collisions conserve kinetic energy, inelastic do not
• What is the formula for calculating momentum?

  p = m * v
• What does it mean if two objects collide and stick together?

  It is a perfectly inelastic collision
• How do you find the vertical momentum after a collision?

  Sum the vertical components of momentum
• What happens to momentum in a closed system?

  It remains constant
• What is the unit of impulse?

  Newton-seconds
• How does the angle of collision affect momentum calculations?

  It affects the direction of momentum vectors
• What is the significance of the cross-sectional area in the shower head problem?

  It affects the force exerted by the water
• How do you determine the common velocity after a collision?

  By applying conservation of momentum
• What is the formula for calculating force from momentum change?

  f = delta p / delta t
• What does a force vs. time graph represent in terms of impulse?

  It shows the relationship between force and time
• How do you calculate the area under a force vs. time graph?

  By finding the shape's area
• What is the relationship between impulse and the change in momentum?

  Impulse equals the change in momentum