exchange

• Why is the surface area to volume ratio important in biology?

  It affects efficiency of exchange surfaces
• What do exchange surfaces in organisms facilitate?

  Gas exchange and absorption in digestion
• What happens to the surface area to volume ratio as an organism increases in size?

  The ratio decreases as size increases
• How do small organisms like amoebas exchange substances?

  Through simple diffusion across their surface
• What is the relationship between metabolic rates and organism size?

  Larger organisms have higher metabolic rates
• What is the surface area of a cube with sides of 1 cm?

  6 cm²
• What is the volume of a cube with sides of 1 cm?

  1 cm³
• How do you calculate the surface area to volume ratio?

  Divide surface area by volume
• What is the surface area of a cube with sides of 2 cm?

  24 cm²
• What is the volume of a cube with sides of 2 cm?

  8 cm³
• What is the surface area to volume ratio of a cube with sides of 2 cm?

  3
• What is the surface area of a cuboid with dimensions 5 cm by 3 cm by 2 cm?

  62 cm²
• What is the volume of a cuboid with dimensions 5 cm by 3 cm by 2 cm?

  30 cm³
• What is the surface area to volume ratio of the cuboid mentioned?

  2.07
• What adaptations do larger organisms have to increase surface area to volume ratio?

  • Villi and microvilli in intestines
  • Alveoli in lungs
  • Spiracles in insects
  • Gill filaments in fish
  • Broad leaves in plants
  • Capillary networks for gas exchange
• How do villi and microvilli increase absorption efficiency?

  By significantly increasing surface area
• What role do alveoli play in gas exchange?

  They increase surface area in lungs
• What is the function of spiracles in insects?

  They facilitate gas exchange
• How do gill filaments and lamellae assist fish in gas exchange?

  They increase surface area for oxygen absorption
• Why do larger plants have broad and thin leaves?

  To maximize gas exchange surface area
• What is the significance of capillary networks in gas exchange?

  They provide a large surface area for exchange
• What are the key differences in gas exchange between small and large organisms?

  • Small organisms: High surface area to volume ratio
  • Efficient diffusion across surfaces
  • No additional adaptations needed
  • Large organisms: Low surface area to volume ratio
  • Require adaptations for efficient gas exchange
  • Higher metabolic demands
• What is the difference between breathing and respiration?

  Breathing is air movement; respiration is energy release
• What is the scientific term for breathing?

  Ventilation
• What is gas exchange?

  Diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide
• What are the two large structures in the human gas exchange system?

  The left and right lung
• What is the function of the trachea?

  It serves as the windpipe for air passage
• What supports the trachea's structure?

  C-shaped cartilage rings
• What are bronchi and bronchioles?

  Bronchi are larger tubes; bronchioles are smaller
• What are alveoli?

  Air sacs at the end of bronchioles
• What is the role of the diaphragm in ventilation?

  It contracts and relaxes to change lung volume
• What does antagonistic mean in muscle pairs?

  One muscle contracts while the other relaxes
• What happens during inhalation?

  External intercostal muscles contract, diaphragm contracts
• How does inhalation affect lung pressure?

  It decreases pressure, allowing air to enter
• What is the pressure gradient during inhalation?

  Higher pressure outside, lower pressure inside
• What occurs during exhalation?

  Internal intercostal muscles contract, diaphragm relaxes
• How does exhalation affect lung pressure?

  It increases pressure, forcing air out
• What is the role of the ribcage during ventilation?

  It expands and contracts to change thoracic volume
• What adaptations do alveoli have for gas exchange?

  Large surface area, thin walls, and capillary network
• How many alveoli are in the human lungs?

  About 300 million