exchange in plants

• What type of leaf structure is primarily discussed?

  Dicotyledonous leaf
• What are the three key layers for gas exchange in leaves?

  Upper epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll
• Where are most stomata located on a leaf?

  Lower side of the leaf
• What is a stoma?

  A gap formed by guard cells
• What is the plural of stoma?

  Stomata
• What role do guard cells play in gas exchange?

  They create a pore for gas exchange
• What gas diffuses into the leaf for photosynthesis?

  Carbon dioxide
• Where does carbon dioxide diffuse after entering the leaf?

  Into the spongy mesophyll
• Why does carbon dioxide diffuse into the leaf?

  It is required for photosynthesis
• What gas diffuses out of the leaf?

  Oxygen
• Why does oxygen diffuse out of the leaf?

  It is a product of photosynthesis
• What is the relationship between stomata and water loss?

  Open stomata can lead to water loss
• When do stomata primarily open for gas exchange?

  During the daytime
• What happens to stomata at night?

  They close
• What are xerophytic plants?

  Plants that survive in harsh, dry conditions
• What adaptation helps xerophytic plants reduce water loss?

  Curling of leaves
• How do curled leaves benefit xerophytic plants?

  They trap moisture and create humidity
• What do the pink hair-like structures on xerophytic plants do?

  They trap evaporated water
• How do sunken stomata help xerophytic plants?

  They reduce evaporation by trapping moisture
• What is the purpose of a thicker cuticle in xerophytic plants?

  To prevent evaporation
• Why do xerophytic plants have longer roots?

  To reach water at greater distances
• What are the adaptations of xerophytic plants for gas exchange and water conservation?

  • Curling leaves to trap moisture
  • Hair-like structures to retain evaporated water
  • Sunken stomata to reduce evaporation
  • Thicker cuticle to prevent water loss
  • Longer roots to access distant water sources
• What is the process of gas exchange in leaves?

  1. Carbon dioxide enters through stomata.
  2. It diffuses into spongy mesophyll.
  3. Oxygen diffuses out through stomata.
  4. Stomata open during the day for gas exchange.
  5. Stomata close at night to conserve water.