L1 | PLANT

• TAXONOMIC LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION

  • Carolus Linnaeus (Carl Linne')
• TAXONOMIC LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION

  1. DOMAIN
  2. KINGDOM
  3. PHYLUM
  4. CLASS
  5. ORDER
  6. FAMILY
  7. GENUS
  8. SPECIES
• PLANTS

  • Multicellular eukaryotic organisms
• 2 MAJOR CLASSES OF PLANTS:

  1. VASCULAR PLANTS
  2. NON VASCULAR PLANTS
• NON VASCULAR PLANTS

  • Do not have a system of xylem and phloem tubes 
  • Rely on diffusion
  • Smaller and simpler tissues and structures
  • Only occur effectively over very short distances hence why structures are only a few cells thick
• VASCULAR PLANTS

  • Have vascular tubes to transport water and food
  • 2 major organ system: shoot and root system
• VASCULAR TISSUES

  • Found in vascular plants
  • Passageway of materials
• 2 MAIN TYPES OF VASCULAR TISSUES:

  1. XYLEM
  2. PHLOEM
• XYLEM

  • Passageway of water
• PHLOEM

  • Passageway of food (glucose)
• VASCULAR PLANTS IS DIVIDED INTO:

  1. PLANTS WITH SEEDS
  2. SEEDLESS PLANTS
• PLANTS WITH SEEDS

  1. ANGIOSPERMS
  2. GYMNOSPERMS
• EXAMPLE OF SEEDLESS PLANTS:

  • Ferns
  • Horse tails
  • Club mosses
• PLANT CLASSIFICATION

  • A place to start
• GYMNOSPERMS

  • Non flowering plants
• ANGIOSPERMS

  • Flowering plants
• 2 TYPES OF ANGIOSPERMS

  1. MONOCOTS
  2. DICOTS
• MONOCOT

  • One cotyledon
  • Fibrous root
  • No main root
  • (Growth: scattered)
  • Parallel venation
  • Vertical
  • Horizontal
• MONOCOT

  • Petals are multiples of 3
  • Vascular tissue are scattered
  • Vascular bundles are scattered throughout the cortex
  • No pith
  • Germination: single leaf
  • Pollen grain with 1 opening
• DICOT

  • Two cotyledon
  • Taproot 
  • Main root present
  • Net venation 
  • Internodes on the stem cannot be seen clearly
• DICOT

  • Petals are multiples of 4 / 5
  • Vascular tissues are arranged in a  ring
  • Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring
  • Germination: 2 seed leaves
  • Pollen grain with 3 opening
• VENATION

  • Arrangement of veins
• HIERARCHICAL ORGANIZATION

  • cells > tissues > tissue systems > organs > whole organisms
• STEMS

  • Function in support, transport, and storage
  • Support the plant and connects the leaves and roots
  • Can be soft or woody, branched or unbranched
  • Contain nodes
  • Attachment points for leaves and flowers 
• TYPES OF SPECIALIZED STEMS

  • Rhizomes
  • Bulbs
  • Stolons 
  • Tubers
• STEMS WE EAT

  • Asparagus
  • Bamboo shots
• LEAVES

  • Borne laterally on stems
  • Function: sun gathering, cooling, and storage
• PARTS OF A LEAF

  A) AXILLARY BUD

  B) BLADE

  C) PETIOLE

  D) NODE

  
• PETIOLE

  • Leaf-stalk 
  • Connects leaves to the branch
• SIMPLE LEAF

  
• COMPOUND LEAF

  
• DOUBLY COMPOUND LEAF

  
• CARNIVOROUS PLANTS

  • Have modified leaves that trap insects
• EDIBLE LEAVES

  • Blades: lettuce, chard, kale, spinach
  • Petioles: celery
  • Immature leaves: fiddleheads
• ROOTS

  • Anchor a plant in the soil
  • Absorb minerals and water
  • Store carbohydrates 
• ROOT HAIRS

  • Increase absorption of water and minerals
• 2 ROOT SYSTEMS

  1. TAP ROOTS
  2. FIBROUS ROOTS
• STRUCTURE OF A PLANT

  A) FLOWER

  B) LEAF

  C) FRUIT

  D) STEM

  E) ROOT

  F) ROOT SYSTEM

  G) SHOOT SYSTEM

  
• SCIENTIFIC NAME:

  1. GENUS
  2. SPECIES
• PLANT ORGANS

  1. VEGETATIVE BODY
  2. Shoot System
  3. Stem
  4. Leaf
  5. Root System
  6. Root
  7. REPRODUCTIVE BODY
  8. Flower