Dysmennorrhoea

• What does dysmenorrhoea refer to?

  Pain during menstruation
• How is dysmenorrhoea characterized?

  By debilitating pain during menstruation
• What are key signs of dysmenorrhoea?

  Pelvic pain, nausea, vomiting, malaise
• What investigations are primarily conducted for dysmenorrhoea?

  Ruling out sexually transmitted infections
• What examinations may be included in the investigation of dysmenorrhoea?

  Abdominal and cervical examinations
• When is a pelvic ultrasound necessary in dysmenorrhoea investigations?

  If necessary based on history or examination
• What is a common management strategy for dysmenorrhoea?

  Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
• What is tranexamic acid used for in dysmenorrhoea management?

  To reduce menstrual bleeding
• What contraceptive methods are used in managing dysmenorrhoea?

  Combined oral contraceptive pill and IUD
• What surgical procedures may be considered for dysmenorrhoea?

  Endometrial ablation or hysterectomy
• What defines primary dysmenorrhoea?

  Occurs in absence of pelvic pathology
• What is secondary dysmenorrhoea associated with?

  Underlying pathology like endometriosis
• What are common symptoms of dysmenorrhoea?

  Pelvic pain, nausea, vomiting, malaise
• What are the differential diagnoses for dysmenorrhoea?

  • Endometriosis: pelvic pain, dyspareunia, infertility
  • Pelvic inflammatory disease: lower abdominal pain, abnormal discharge, fever
  • Uterine fibroids: often asymptomatic, may cause pelvic pain and heavy bleeding
• What bedside investigations are performed for dysmenorrhoea?

  Bimanual examination and STI swabs
• Are blood tests required for diagnosing dysmenorrhoea?

  No, blood tests are not required
• What lifestyle changes can help manage dysmenorrhoea?

  Regular exercise and dietary changes
• What medical management strategies are primarily used for dysmenorrhoea?

  Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and hormonal contraception
• What is the role of heat and massages in dysmenorrhoea management?

  To lower abdominal pain
• What is the significance of lifestyle changes in managing dysmenorrhoea?

  They can alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life
• How does primary dysmenorrhoea differ from secondary dysmenorrhoea?

  Primary is idiopathic; secondary has underlying pathology
• What can severe dysmenorrhoea lead to?

  Absences from work or school
• What is the impact of dysmenorrhoea on quality of life?

  It can significantly decrease quality of life
• What is a common management strategy for dysmenorrhoea?

  Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
• When is a pelvic ultrasound necessary in dysmenorrhoea investigations?

  If necessary based on history or examination
• What is tranexamic acid used for in dysmenorrhoea management?


  To reduce menstrual bleeding
• What contraceptive methods are used in managing dysmenorrhoea?

  Combined oral contraceptive pill and IUD
• What surgical procedures may be considered for dysmenorrhoea?

  Endometrial ablation or hysterectomy
• What is an IUD?

  An Intrauterine Device, a small device inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy and manage heavy menstrual bleeding and dysmenorrhea.
• What are the two main types of IUDs?

  Hormonal IUD and Copper IUD