Explain

• Brown Earth soils can support deciduous vegetation. This, therefor, provides abundant leaf litter which breaks down rapidly as it is used by soil organisms in the temperate climate
• The soil is found in relatively dry areas and has a deep profile as it is not eroded away and has a plentiful supply of litter.
• Faster decomposition of litter and humus due to the warmer climate and less water
• The A horizon is dark red/brown in colour as humus and good aeration enriches the soil. Horizons may be indistinct as a result of the roots of plants and moving soil biota.
• Roots cycle nutrients in the soil, as far down as the C horizon. In addition, this causes aeretion at all layers
• The decomposition, aided by soil biota, causes a milder, less acidic, slightly more alkaline soil mull humus to form. This is black and not very well defined
• The soil gets lighter as you move down into the B horizon as there is less iron and organic content.
• A free draining soil where the balance between precipitation and evaporation is closer resulting in less downward leaching.
• The possibility of an iron pan forming is still present, impeding drainage.
• Deep tree roots extending far as the C horizon, brings nutrients back to the surface and recycles litter. The parent material is often very broken up or permeable. This allows the soil to be free-draining so it is rarely waterlogged