Factors affecting enzyme activity

Cards (28)

  • What are enzymes primarily composed of?
    Complex proteins
  • How can factors affecting enzyme activity be investigated?
    By measuring the rate of reactions they catalyse
  • What happens to kinetic energy as temperature increases?
    Kinetic energy increases
  • What effect does increasing temperature have on collision frequency?
    It increases the number of collisions
  • What does the Temperature Coefficient, Q10, measure?
    Rate increase with a 10°C rise
  • How does temperature affect an enzyme's structure?
    Higher temperatures cause bond vibrations
  • What happens to the bonds in an enzyme at high temperatures?
    They strain and break
  • What is the result of breaking bonds in an enzyme?
    Change in tertiary structure
  • What occurs when an enzyme is denatured?
    The active site changes shape
  • What is the optimum temperature for many human enzymes?
    Around 40°C
  • What happens to the rate of reaction after enzymes denature?
    It decreases rapidly
  • How do enzymes in polar regions adapt to cold conditions?
    They have more flexible structures
  • What is the effect of smaller temperature changes on cold-adapted enzymes?
    They can denature easily
  • How do enzymes in hot environments differ from those in cold environments?
    They are more stable due to more bonds
  • What bonds hold proteins in their precise shape?
    Hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds
  • What does a change in pH affect in enzymes?
    The hydrogen ion concentration
  • What is the optimum pH for enzyme activity?
    The right hydrogen ion concentration
  • What happens to an enzyme's structure when pH changes from optimum?
    It is altered
  • What occurs if pH returns to optimum after a change?
    The enzyme resumes its normal shape
  • What happens when pH changes significantly?
    The enzyme is irreversibly altered
  • How do hydrogen ions interact with R-groups?
    They change the degree of interaction
  • What happens to R-groups at low pH?
    They interact less with each other
  • What is the effect of fewer hydrogen ions on enzyme shape?
    It leads to more interactions
  • How does substrate concentration affect enzyme activity?
    Higher concentration increases collision rate
  • What happens when enzyme concentration increases?
    The rate of reaction increases
  • What is the maximum rate of reaction dependent on?
    Enzyme and substrate concentration
  • What happens when more active sites are available?
    The rate of reaction increases
  • What is required to increase the rate of reaction after maximum is reached?
    Add more enzymes or increase temperature