Grammar

• nine modal verbs

  • could ,can
  • should, shall
  • would, will
  • might , must ,may
• concrete noun 


  common nouns are things you can touch, see or measure. Names of stuff you interact with.
• abstract noun 


  abstract noun are things that you can't see or measure.

  they're ideas feelings and concepts.
• proper noun 


  proper nouns refer to specific individuals, things of which they are only one .
• collective nouns 


  collective nouns are the names of groups of individuals. for example one person who sings is a singer a group of people who sing are a choir.
• How can you tell a word is a noun?

  An article can be placed in front of it. E.g. the , a or an .
• What are adjectives?


  Descriptive words. They usually describe nouns or pronouns. They have physical qualities like shape .

  emotional such as how intense.
• what are the types of adjectives.

  1. comparatives and superlative.( e.g.smaller and smallest)
• Main verbs.


  Verbs are doing words, they tell you about actions taking place or about somethings existence.
• Dynamic verb.


  Dynamic verbs tells you about actions like physical metal and perceptual.
• stative verbs.


  stative verbs tells you about a way something is being. Most common stative verbs are to be and to become.
• What are Auxiliary verbs.

  Auxiliary verbs are helper verbs the tell you about the action in the sentence. they work with main verbs in a sentence.
• What are the three types of auxiliary verbs.

  1. to have
  2. to be
  3. to do
• What are adverbs?


  Modifiers words. Unlike adjectives which modifies only nouns and pronouns, adverbs tell you about manner (e.g. badly) place (e.g. backwards) time (e.g. yesterday).
• What can adverbs do?

  Modify verbs , adjective and other adverbs.
• Pronouns 


  Pronouns are words that replace nouns.
• personal pronouns.


  shows who did something or who it was done to.
• personal pronoun subject and object.


  here

  
• Possessive pronouns.


  shows who owns something.

  
• Demonstrative pronouns

  Are used to point something out.

  • This
  • That
  • These
  • Those
• possessive determiners 


  here

  
• Preposition 


  Show a relationship between two things in time or space.

  
• What is the subject of a sentence.

  The subject of the sentence is the thing who' s doing the action or being something in the sentence.
• Objects of a sentence.

  Objects are things in a sentence that are done to or acted upon by the subject.
• What are complements?


  Complements are words or phrases that complete the meaning of a verb, adjective, or noun in a sentence.

  where object are the things acted upon by the subject. The complement of a sentence is the same as the subject.
• What are adverbials?


  Adverbials tell you about the time, place, manner or degree of an action
• Active and Passive sentences.

  "subject-verb-object/adverbial/complement" this an active sentence.

  In passive sentence the order is different. It's useful if you want to hide whose responsible for something.
• Type of sentences.

  • Simple
  • compound
  • complex
  • long short
• Simple sentence 


  Have one clause so they have one subject phrase and one verb phrase.
• compound sentence.


  consist of two or more clauses. Each clause could stand on their own but can be joined together by and but or
• list of conjunction.

  
• complex sentence. 


  consists of more than one clause but only one can stand on it's own .
• Infinitive Clause.


  subordinate clauses can start with the infinitive of a verb, ( a doing or being verb), with the word "to" infront of it.
• Participle clause


  subordinate clauses can start with a participle verb , ending in "ing" .
• Adverbial clause 


  subordinate clause can also tell about place time or manner and sometimes look like an adverbial or a prepositional phrase.
• Types of sentence moods.

  • Declarative sentence: they are statements or declarations of facts.
  • Imperative sentence: instruction , order or invitations.
  • interrogative sentence: questions usually stat with a question pronoun such as " which " "what" "who" "when" "where" "how".
• what is passive voice used to.

  It's used to suggest

  • universality everyone thinks it / does it / says it / has it
  • mystery or ignorance; that we don't know who thinks it/ does it / says it / has it
  • a shift in focus; the writer is concealing who thinks it/ does it / says it / says it
• appositional phrase 


  Reveal the defining characteristics of the phrase referred to.
• vocatives 


  reveal the perception that the user has of the person being addressed.
• Hypophora 


  Suggest the assumption that the reader will share the writer's suggested answer.