Respiratory system

Created by

James Stigwood

Cards (35)

What is the definition of gaseous exchange
The movement of oxygen from the air into the blood, and carbon dioxide from the blood into the air
What is the definition of diffusion
The movement of gas molecules from an area of high concentration or partial pressure to an area of low concentration or partial pressure
What is the order of air passage
Nose
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
What are 3 features of the alveoli
they have a big surface area (greater oxygen uptake)
they are one cell thick (short diffusion pathway)
extensive capillary network (good blood supply)
What muscles are used during inspiartion at rest
diaphragm
External intercostals
What muscles are used for inspiration during exercise
Diaphragm
External intercostals
Sternocleidmastoid
Scalenes
Pectoralis minor
What muscles are used for expiration during rest
The diaphragm and the external interostals muscles just relax
What muscles are used for expiration during exercise
Internal intercostals
Abdominals
What happens whilst we are inhaling
Ribcage moves upwards and outwards
Diaphragm contracts and is pulled flat
Air is taken in
What happens whilst we are exhaling
Ribcage falls
Diaphragm relaxes and rises to a dome shape
Air forced out
What is tidal volume
Volume of air breathed in or out per breath
What happens to the tidal volume during exercise
increases
What is inspiratory reserve volume
volume of air that can be forcibly inspired after a normal breath
What happens to the inspiratory reserve volume during exercise
Decreases
What is expiratory reserve volume
volume of air the can be forcibly exhaled after a normal breath
What happens to the expiratory reserve volume during exercise  
slight decrease
What is residual volume
Volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximum expiration
What happens to the residual volume during exercise  
remains the same
What is minute ventilation
volume of air breathed in our out per minute
what happens to the minute ventilation during exercise  
Big increase
What is a spirometer
A device that is used to measure the volume of air inspired and expired by the lungs
What is partial pressure
The pressure exerted by an individual gas when it exists within a mixture of gases
What is the diffusion pathway of oxygen
Alveoli -> blood -> muscles
What is the diffusion pathway of carbon dioxide
muscles -> blood -> alveoli
What does pulmonary ventilation mean
simply breathing
3 factors involving the regulation of pulmonary ventilation during exercise
Neural control
Chemical control
Hormonal control
Where is the respiratory centre found
medulla oblongata
What is the order for neural / chemical inspiration is
receptors -> medulla -> phrenic nerve -> diaphragm and external intercostals
what is the order of neural / chemical expiration
receptors -> medulla -> intercostal nerve -> abdominals and internal intercostals
Where is adrenaline found
adrenal gland- kidney
What does adrenaline do
increases breathing rate in preparation for exercise
What are some lifestyle choices that can impact the respiratory system
what we eat
how much we exercise
how much alcohol we drink
smoking
What can smoking cause
irritation of the trachea and bronchi
what does smoking do
reduces lung function
increases breathlessness
narrowing of the lung airways
What is cilia  
mircroscopic hair-like projections that help to sweep away fluids like mucus and particles