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Psychology
Research Methods
Probability And Significance
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Created by
Jaskirat Kaur
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Cards (51)
Why is probability important in psychology research?
It helps manage the risk of
errors
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What are the two competing hypotheses in research?
Null hypothesis
(
H0
) and
alternate hypothesis
(
H1
)
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What does the null hypothesis suggest?
There is no
causal relationship
between variables
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What does the alternate hypothesis suggest?
There is a
causal relationship
between variables
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In an experiment, what is manipulated to observe effects?
The
independent variable
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What is the dependent variable in the example given?
The
number of words recalled
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What was the directional hypothesis in the example?
Recall
will be better in
green light
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How did the researcher control for order effects?
By
counterbalancing
the conditions
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What was the average recall in green light?
13
words
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What was the average recall in blue light?
12.5
words
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What does a probability of 0.05 indicate?
5%
chance
of results due to chance
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What does the number line represent in terms of probability?
Zero
means impossible,
one
means certain
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What is the probability of flipping a fair coin and getting heads?
50%
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What is a type 1 error?
Accepting a false
alternate hypothesis
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What is a type 2 error?
Rejecting a
true alternate hypothesis
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How do type 1 and type 2 errors relate to hypothesis testing?
Type 1 Error: Accepting false
alternate hypothesis
Type 2 Error: Rejecting true alternate hypothesis
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How can researchers reduce the likelihood of a type 1 error?
By using a stronger level of
significance
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How can researchers reduce the likelihood of a type 2 error?
By using a weaker level of
significance
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How does the courtroom analogy relate to hypothesis testing?
Null hypothesis
: Innocent until proven guilty
Alternate hypothesis
: Guilty based on evidence
Jury's decision: Similar to accepting/rejecting
hypotheses
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What is the role of the prosecution in the courtroom analogy?
To provide
strong evidence
of guilt
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What happens if the jury incorrectly accepts the prosecution's argument?
They make a
type 1 error
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What happens if the jury incorrectly rejects the prosecution's argument?
They make a
type 2 error
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What should students do if they struggle with probability and significance?
Watch the video multiple times
Create scenarios for type 1 and 2 errors
Practice with past papers
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What resources are available for students on psychboost.com?
Over
170
videos
and
bonus
resources
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What can patrons access on Patreon?
Bonus
resources and tutorial videos
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What is the significance of the 0.01 level of significance?
It reduces
type 1 error
likelihood
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Why is probability and significance considered difficult in psychology?
It involves complex
concepts
and calculations
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What is the main topic of the next research methods video?
Not specified
in
the
current
video
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What is the significance of the 0.05 level of significance in psychology?
It is the threshold for accepting alternate hypotheses
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What does the term "falsifiable" mean in scientific assumptions?
Assumptions can be
proven
wrong
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What is the implication of variability in experimental results?
Results can differ due to
chance
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How does the concept of chance relate to experimental outcomes?
Chance can
influence
the
results
observed
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What is the relationship between the independent and dependent variables?
The independent variable
affects
the dependent variable
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What is the role of evidence in hypothesis testing?
Evidence determines acceptance or rejection of
hypotheses
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What is the significance of the number of participants in a study?
It affects the
strength
of the data collected
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How does the concept of a "weighted coin" relate to probability?
A weighted coin affects the
likelihood
of outcomes
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What is the importance of controlling variables in an experiment?
It ensures
valid
and
reliable
results
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What does the term "significance" refer to in research?
It indicates the likelihood
results
are due to
chance
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How does the concept of "chance" affect psychological research?
Chance introduces
variability
in results
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What is the role of the researcher in hypothesis testing?
To gather
evidence
and analyze
data
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