Probability And Significance

Cards (51)

  • Why is probability important in psychology research?
    It helps manage the risk of errors
  • What are the two competing hypotheses in research?
    Null hypothesis (H0) and alternate hypothesis (H1)
  • What does the null hypothesis suggest?
    There is no causal relationship between variables
  • What does the alternate hypothesis suggest?
    There is a causal relationship between variables
  • In an experiment, what is manipulated to observe effects?
    The independent variable
  • What is the dependent variable in the example given?
    The number of words recalled
  • What was the directional hypothesis in the example?
    Recall will be better in green light
  • How did the researcher control for order effects?
    By counterbalancing the conditions
  • What was the average recall in green light?
    13 words
  • What was the average recall in blue light?
    12.5 words
  • What does a probability of 0.05 indicate?
    5% chance of results due to chance
  • What does the number line represent in terms of probability?
    Zero means impossible, one means certain
  • What is the probability of flipping a fair coin and getting heads?
    50%
  • What is a type 1 error?
    Accepting a false alternate hypothesis
  • What is a type 2 error?
    Rejecting a true alternate hypothesis
  • How do type 1 and type 2 errors relate to hypothesis testing?
    • Type 1 Error: Accepting false alternate hypothesis
    • Type 2 Error: Rejecting true alternate hypothesis
  • How can researchers reduce the likelihood of a type 1 error?
    By using a stronger level of significance
  • How can researchers reduce the likelihood of a type 2 error?
    By using a weaker level of significance
  • How does the courtroom analogy relate to hypothesis testing?
    • Null hypothesis: Innocent until proven guilty
    • Alternate hypothesis: Guilty based on evidence
    • Jury's decision: Similar to accepting/rejecting hypotheses
  • What is the role of the prosecution in the courtroom analogy?
    To provide strong evidence of guilt
  • What happens if the jury incorrectly accepts the prosecution's argument?
    They make a type 1 error
  • What happens if the jury incorrectly rejects the prosecution's argument?
    They make a type 2 error
  • What should students do if they struggle with probability and significance?
    • Watch the video multiple times
    • Create scenarios for type 1 and 2 errors
    • Practice with past papers
  • What resources are available for students on psychboost.com?
    Over 170 videos and bonus resources
  • What can patrons access on Patreon?
    Bonus resources and tutorial videos
  • What is the significance of the 0.01 level of significance?
    It reduces type 1 error likelihood
  • Why is probability and significance considered difficult in psychology?
    It involves complex concepts and calculations
  • What is the main topic of the next research methods video?
    Not specified in the current video
  • What is the significance of the 0.05 level of significance in psychology?
    It is the threshold for accepting alternate hypotheses
  • What does the term "falsifiable" mean in scientific assumptions?
    Assumptions can be proven wrong
  • What is the implication of variability in experimental results?
    Results can differ due to chance
  • How does the concept of chance relate to experimental outcomes?
    Chance can influence the results observed
  • What is the relationship between the independent and dependent variables?
    The independent variable affects the dependent variable
  • What is the role of evidence in hypothesis testing?
    Evidence determines acceptance or rejection of hypotheses
  • What is the significance of the number of participants in a study?
    It affects the strength of the data collected
  • How does the concept of a "weighted coin" relate to probability?
    A weighted coin affects the likelihood of outcomes
  • What is the importance of controlling variables in an experiment?
    It ensures valid and reliable results
  • What does the term "significance" refer to in research?
    It indicates the likelihood results are due to chance
  • How does the concept of "chance" affect psychological research?
    Chance introduces variability in results
  • What is the role of the researcher in hypothesis testing?
    To gather evidence and analyze data