types of ltm

• Episodic Memory


  • diary of daily happenings unique to an individual
  • places, objects, behaviours, as a single memory
  • time-stamped for easier recall.
• Semantic Memory


  • knowledge of the world
  • combination of a dictionary and encyclopedia
  • not time-stamped
  • less personal but complex, with more facts constantly being added.
• Procedural Memory


  • skilled behaviors (e.g., driving a car)
  • difficult to explain verbally
  • doesn't require conscious awareness for recall.
• Long-Term Memory Strengths


  Supported by case study evidence like HM and Clive Wearing, showing different memory stores in long-term memory, with semantic memories being relatively unaffected by amnesia.
• Long-Term Memory Limitations


  Challenges with clinical evidence, lack of control over variables in studies, debates on the number of types of long-term memory (e.g., episodic, semantic, procedural).
• Declarative Memory


  • long-term memory store
  • includes episodic and semantic memories
  • allows conscious recall.