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ethics
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Cards (30)
ethics
science of morals and rules of behaviour
why
important
no risk physical and mental harm
some areas beyond reach of psychological investigation
clarify condition psychology research accepted
members abide by code of conduct
history
1953
=
1st ethic code
increased need psychology post-war for industrial consulting mental health
1959
=
revision ethical codes
=
readable, simplified, user-friendly
unethical studies carried until ethics codes and standards 2011
violation of ethic code
uncertain reason
delay loftier standards of revision ethic codes
higher awareness consumers and complaints
tuskegee syphilis experiment
studied symptoms of syphilis on african-american men
infected some
=
didn't treat or inform
100+ men died
bill jenkins
=
campaigned against racial discrimination to end project
peter buxton
=
ended when leaked story to press
belmont report
protect subjects
=
clinical trials and research studies
3 principles
respect for person
(application=
informed consent
)
beneficence
=
maximise benefits and minimise risks
(application=
assessment risk and benefit
)
justice
=
benefits and risks distributed fairly
(application=
selection of participants
)
BPS code of ethics and conduct
respect
=
dignity and worth
competence
=
continuing development and maintaining high standards
responsibility
=
client, public, science of psychology
integrity
=
honesty, accuracy clarity, fairness
APA
=
similar values
consent
inform all participants of objectives, expected duration, risks, procedures, consent
deception
must avoid unless justified by significant beneficial value
debriefing
inform true purpose
=
increase understanding
active intervention
=
participants leave in state they entered
delayed
=
less effective
withdrawal
should inform can at any time
right to destroy data in their presence
confidentiality
not reveal identity unless prior consent
record, process, store avoid disclosure
data protection act 1984 and 1998
general data protection regulation 2016 EU
protection
physical and mental harm
no greater risk than encounter normal life
observational research
not informed consent
=
respect privacy and well-being
in place situations would normally be in public view
giving
advice
provide advice and professional help
only when qualified
milgrams
experiment
accomplices reason for killings was following orders of authority figure
deception
falsely believed
memory and learning study
person was participant
picked teacher
electric shocks
pain and protests
debriefing
interviewed and given psychological tests to make sure no negative effects
told behaviour is normal and to not feel shame
told shocks fake
met confederate
year later
=
40 participants interviewed psychiatrist
protection of participants
large number had degree tension extreme
1
participant sent letter appreciation
=
registered as conscientious objector for vietnam war
informed consent
deception
right to withdraw
not explicitly told
point of research encourage them to stay
why allowed
at time revised version
expected to follow law
discrepancy principle
2
findings outweighed ethical standards
suffered consequences professional life
worked lower rank
struggle find work
APA held up membership application
law
vs
ethics
APA code not law
violated
=
not legally liable
patient discloses breaking law
=
therapist must report
it
violation ethical codes APA
apply sanctions
terminate membership
notify bodies and individuals
violation ethical codes BPS
ethical or practical dilemma
=
resolution in institutions
duties of confidentiality
consent form is a contract
disclosure is a breach
exception if public interest disclose
human right article 8
right to respect for private and family life
mental capacity act 2005
participants age 16+ lack capacity consent need ethical approval by committee
freedom of information act 2000
right to access recorded information
exception
personal data
information subject confidentiality agreement
data protection and GDPR 2018
processing personal data
rights people have with data
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