Control of Blood Glucose Concentration

• What hormone is used to lower blood glucose concentration?

  Insulin
• How does insulin affect blood glucose levels?

  It triggers cells to take up glucose
• What are the two types of diabetes mentioned?

  Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes
• What happens to blood glucose levels after a carbohydrate-rich meal?

  They rise and are sensed by the pancreas
• What does the pancreas produce in response to high blood glucose levels?

  Insulin
• What is glycogen?

  A storage molecule for excess glucose
• What is homeostasis in relation to blood glucose concentration?

  Maintaining a constant glucose level in blood
• How does blood glucose concentration differ in a person with type 1 diabetes compared to a healthy person?

  It remains high due to insufficient insulin
• How do people with type 1 diabetes manage their condition?

  They monitor glucose and inject insulin
• What is the main issue in type 2 diabetes?

  Body cells stop responding to insulin
• How is type 2 diabetes often treated?

  With a controlled carbohydrate diet
• What lifestyle change is recommended for people with type 2 diabetes?

  Regular exercise
• What is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes?

  Obesity
• What hormone is released when blood glucose concentration falls?

  Glucagon
• What does glucagon do to glycogen stores?

  It converts glycogen back to glucose
• How do insulin and glucagon work together?

  They maintain balance in blood glucose levels
• What is the relationship between insulin and glucagon in blood glucose control?

  They form a negative feedback cycle
• What is the effect of insulin on blood glucose concentration?

  It lowers blood glucose concentration
• What is the effect of glucagon on blood glucose concentration?

  It raises blood glucose concentration
• What are the key differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

  • Type 1: Pancreas produces insufficient insulin
  • Type 2: Body cells stop responding to insulin
  • Type 1 requires insulin injections
  • Type 2 managed with diet and exercise
• What is the process of blood glucose regulation involving insulin and glucagon?

  1. Blood glucose rises after meals
  2. Pancreas releases insulin
  3. Cells take up glucose, lowering levels
  4. Blood glucose falls too low
  5. Pancreas releases glucagon
  6. Glycogen converts to glucose, raising levels