Group of elements

• What do elements in a group have in common?

  Same number of outer shell electrons
• Why do elements in a group have similar reactions?

  They have the same number of outer shell electrons
• What are the elements in Group 1?

  • Lithium (Li)
  • Sodium (Na)
  • Potassium (K)
• How many electrons are in the outer shell of alkali metals?

  1 electron
• What is a property of alkali metals?

  They are soft and shiny
• Why are alkali metals stored in oil?

  They are extremely reactive
• What is the reaction of an alkali metal with oxygen?

  Alkali metal + oxygen → alkali metal oxide
• What is the balanced equation for lithium reacting with oxygen?

  4Li + O₂ → 2Li₂O
• What is the balanced equation for sodium reacting with oxygen?

  4Na + O₂ → 2Na₂O
• What is the balanced equation for potassium reacting with oxygen?

  4K + O₂ → 2K₂O
• What happens when alkali metals are burnt?

  They produce a colored flame
• What color flame does lithium produce when burnt?

  Red
• What color flame does sodium produce when burnt?

  Orange
• What color flame does potassium produce when burnt?

  Lilac
• What is the reaction of alkali metals with water?

  Alkali metal + water → alkali metal + hydrogen
• What is the balanced equation for lithium reacting with water?

  2Li + 2H₂O → 2LiOH + H₂
• What is the balanced equation for sodium reacting with water?

  2Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂
• What is the balanced equation for potassium reacting with water?

  2K + 2H₂O → 2KOH + H₂
• How does the reactivity of alkali metals change down the group?

  Reactivity increases as atoms get larger
• What are the elements in Group 2?

  • Magnesium (Mg)
  • Calcium (Ca)
• How many electrons are in the outer shell of alkaline earth metals?

  2 electrons
• What is a property of alkaline earth metals?

  They are harder than alkali metals
• What is the reaction of alkaline earth metals with oxygen?

  Alkaline earth metal + oxygen → oxide
• What is the balanced equation for magnesium reacting with oxygen?

  2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO
• What is the balanced equation for calcium reacting with oxygen?

  2Ca + O₂ → 2CaO
• How does magnesium react with water?

  It reacts with steam only
• What is the balanced equation for magnesium reacting with water?

  Mg + H₂O → MgO + H₂
• How does calcium react with water?

  It reacts with cold water
• What is the balanced equation for calcium reacting with water?

  Ca + 2H₂O → Ca(OH)₂ + H₂
• What is the reaction of alkaline earth metals with acids?

  They produce salt and hydrogen
• What is the balanced equation for magnesium reacting with hydrochloric acid?

  Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂
• What is the balanced equation for calcium reacting with hydrochloric acid?

  Ca + 2HCl → CaCl₂ + H₂
• What are the elements in Group 7?

  • Fluorine (F)
  • Chlorine (Cl)
  • Bromine (Br)
  • Iodine (I)
• How many electrons are in the outer shell of halogens?

  7 electrons
• What is a property of halogens?

  They are non-metals and dull
• What is the solubility of halogens in water?

  Low solubility in water
• What are the elements in Group 0/8?

  • Helium (He)
  • Neon (Ne)
  • Argon (Ar)
• How many electrons are in the outer shell of noble gases?

  8 electrons
• What is a property of noble gases?

  They are unreactive gases
• Why are noble gases unreactive?

  They have a full outer shell of electrons