couples

• what does the domestic division of labour refer to?

  roles that couples play in reguard to childcare domestic work and paid work
• what did parsons functionalist model of the family identify?

  instrumental and expressive roles
• whats the instrumental role?

  breadwinner geared towrads sucess at work so he can provide for the family finanicially
• whats the expressive role?

  geared towards primary socialistaion if children and meeting families emotional needs
• what did parsons believe the divison of labour was based off?

  biological differences, women nurturer man provider
• who critiques parsons instrumental and expressive theory as they belive the family is becoming more symetrical?

  willmott and young
• willmott and youn take a march of progress view on the history of the family what does this mean?

  they see family life improving for all members and becoming more democratic and equal
• what trend did willmott and young identify?

  long term trend away from segregated conjungal roles towards joint conjungal roles and symetrical family
• what three trends were found in symetrical families?

  1. women work
  2. men help with housework and childcare
  3. couples spend leisure time together instaed of seperatley with workmates or female relatives
• in their study of families in london where did young and wilmmot identify the most symetrical families?

  younger couples who were geographically and socially isolated and more affluent
• what factors lead to the rise of the symetrical family?

  1. changes in womens position
  2. geographical mobility
  3. new technology
  4. higher standards of living
• why do feminists reject the march of progress view?

  little has changed as the family is patriarchal and women are forced to occupy a subordinate role within the family.
• why did oakley criticise young and willmott?

  claims are exaggerated as althugh husbands interviewd by young and willmott helped their wives at least once a week this could simply be making breakfast on one ocasion which is not evidence of symetry
• what statistics did oakley find?

  15% of men contribute with housework and 25% with childcrae
• husbands were more likley to take part in the pleasurable aspects of childcare rather than housework however what does this mean for the mothers?

  lost rewards of motherhood such as palying with children and instaed it leaves more time for housework
• what did hetherington find?

  wives were 30 times more likely to be the last person to do the washing but there was a slight attitude change in young men as they no longer assumed women should do housework
• what perspective does the march of progress view take on paid work?

  leading to a more equal division of labour
• what did the british social attitudes survey 2018 find?

  fall in the number of people who think its a mans job to earn money and womens to care for family from 43 in 1984 to 8 in 2017
• what do duncombe and mardsen argue aid work has lead to?

  triple burden
• whats 'emotion work' ?

  women are responsible for managing emotions of family such as squabbles between siblings as well as excersing control over their own emotions
• what did a study in 2012 find?

  men spent 10 hours on care of family members compared to women who spent 23 houres
• `who found that although 78% of fathers played with their children only 1% took responsibility for caring for a sick child?

  Dex and ward
• who identified two different explanations for unequal division in labour

  crompton and lyonette
• what two explanations did crompton and lyonette identify?

  the cultural explanation of inequality and the material explanation of inequality
• whats the cultural explanation of inequality

  the divison of labour is determined by patriarchal norms that shape the gender roles in our culture so women perform more domestic labour because its expected by societey
• whats the material explanation of inequality?

  women genrally earn less then men means its economically rational for women to do more housework while men spend more time earning money
• what did dunne find?

  lesbian couples had more symetrical relationships due to the absense of hetrosexual gender scripts
• what did kan find?

  for every £10,000 a year more a woman earns she does 2 hours less housework per week
• what did barrett identify about resources and decison making?

  1. men gain far more from womens domestic work than they give back in financial support
  2. the financial support husbands give their wives is often unpreductable and comes with strings attatched
  3. men make decisons about spending on important items
• what two money managaement systems did pahl and vogler identify?

  the allowance system and pooling
• whats the allowance system?

  where men give thier wives a budget which they use to meet families needs keeping any leftover money for himself
• whats pooling?

  where both partners have joint responsibility for spending for example joint bankc account
• which perspective focuses on the meanings couples give to who controls the money


  personal life
• whats the personal life perspective on money?

  while we might assume that one partner controlling money is a sign of inequality for some couples it may not have this meaning. for example smart found some gay and lesbian couples were happy to leave money management to their partners as they did not see it as inequality
• whats domestic abuse?

  incident or pattern of incidents of coercive threatening behaviour or violence
• what did coleman and osborn find?

  2 women a week are killed by a partner or ex-partner
• what did dobash and dobash do?

  reserached doemstic abuse in scotland from police reports and interivews with women in refuges
• what did dobash and dobash find?

  violent incidents could be set off by what a husband saw as a challenge to his authority
• what did dobash and dobash argue

  marriage legitimises violence against women by placing power on husbands and making wives dependent
• what did sylvia walby find?

  women were much more likley to be victims of multiple incidents of abuse and sexual violence