Left Realist Criminology

• Who developed Left Realism in criminology?

  Jock Young, John Lea, and Roger Matthews
• What does Left Realism focus on in relation to crime?

  Practical ways of solving crime
• How does Left Realism view Interactionism and Radical Criminology?

  As too idealistic and unrealistic
• What structural inequalities does Left Realism focus on?

  Class, race, and gender
• What type of crime do Left Realists emphasize?

  Ordinary crime affecting the working class
• What are the three major causes of working class street crime according to Left Realists?

  Relative deprivation, marginalisation, and subcultures
• What does Young (1997) argue about being tough on crime?

  It means changing social factors impacting crime
• How does relative deprivation relate to crime?

  It explains feelings of deprivation despite rising living standards
• What does the concept of relative deprivation refer to?

  Feeling deprived compared to others or expectations
• How do Left Realists view subcultures?

  As responses to relative deprivation
• What is marginalisation in the context of Left Realism?

  Lacking power or resources to participate in society
• How do marginalised groups express frustration according to Left Realists?

  Through violence due to lack of representation
• What does 'multiple aetiology' refer to in Left Realism?

  Crime caused by several different factors
• What is the Square of Crime in Left Realism?

  A framework to understand crime's multiple influences
• What do Left Realist solutions to crime emphasize?

  Social and community crime prevention strategies
• What is an example of an early intervention program mentioned?

  Perry pre-school project for disadvantaged children
• What were the results of the Perry pre-school project?

  Fewer arrests and higher graduation rates
• What community-based strategies do Young and Matthews advocate?

  Improving leisure facilities and reducing inequalities
• What is the importance of improving policing according to Left Realists?

  To maintain public confidence and information flow
• What happens if the relationship between police and community breaks down?

  Information flow from victims will decline
• What do Left Realists argue about the cost of their solutions?

  They can save money if implemented properly
• What do Marxists criticize about Left Realist policies?

  They don't address structural inequalities in capitalism
• How do Foucault and Garland interpret Left Realist strategies?

  As surveillance and control rather than real change
• What global perspective did Ian Taylor add to Left Realism?

  Political and economic structures affecting crime
• What recent trend in Scotland does Left Realism help explain?

  The rise of Young Teams
• What are the key ideas of Left Realist Criminology?

  • Causes of crime: relative deprivation, marginalisation, subcultures
  • Focus on community-oriented crime control
  • Emphasis on social justice and structural inequalities
• What are the solutions to crime proposed by Left Realism?

  • Early intervention programs
  • Community-based approaches
  • Improving policing and community relations
• What are the criticisms of Left Realism?

  • Costly solutions
  • May not address root causes of crime
  • Focus on working-class crime over elite crime