Topic 2: Bonding, Structure and the Properties of Matter

• What are coarse particles also referred to as?

  Dust
• What is a conductor?

  A material with charged particles that move
• What defines a covalent bond?

  A shared pair of electrons between non-metals
• What is diamond's structure made of?

  Carbon atoms forming four covalent bonds
• What are electrostatic forces?

  Attraction between oppositely charged ions
• What is an empirical formula?

  Smallest whole number ratio of atoms
• What are fine particles also known as?

  PM2.5
• What are fullerenes?

  Molecules of carbon with hollow shapes
• What state of matter has the most energy?

  Gas
• What is graphene?

  A single layer of graphite
• How are carbon atoms arranged in graphite?

  In layers of hexagonal rings
• What is an ion?

  An atom or molecule with an electric charge
• How is an ionic bond formed?

  By transfer of electrons between atoms
• What is an ionic compound?

  A compound formed of ions
• What are intermolecular forces?

  Forces between molecules affecting properties
• What is a lattice?

  A regular arrangement of atoms/ions/molecules
• How are particles arranged in a liquid?

  Randomly and close together
• What defines a metallic bond?

  Bonds between positive ions and electrons
• What do metals form when they react?

  Positive ions
• What is a molecular formula?

  Actual ratio of atoms in a compound
• What are nanoparticles?

  Particles with diameters between 1 nm to 100 nm
• What does nanoscience refer to?

  Structures that are 1–100 nm in size
• What do non-metals form when they react?

  Negative ions
• What does particle theory model?

  The three states of matter as particles
• What are polymers made of?

  Long-chain molecules of small monomers
• What is a repeat unit in a polymer?

  Part of a polymer that repeats
• What is the state of matter in solids?

  Particles hold a regular arrangement
• What are state symbols used for?

  To denote states of chemicals in equations
• What are the states of matter and their characteristics?

  • Solid: Regular arrangement, least energy
  • Liquid: Random arrangement, close together
  • Gas: Most energy, spread out and random
• What are the properties of ionic compounds?

  • Formed from ions
  • Strong electrostatic forces
  • High melting and boiling points
• What are the properties of covalent compounds?

  • Formed by sharing electrons
  • Lower melting and boiling points
  • Often gases or liquids at room temperature
• What are the properties of metals?

  • Conduct electricity and heat
  • Malleable and ductile
  • High melting and boiling points
• What are the properties of polymers?

  • Long-chain molecules
  • Flexible and durable
  • Varying melting and boiling points
• What are compounds?

  Substances with 2 or more elements combined
• How many types of strong chemical bonds are there?

  Three types
• What are the three types of strong chemical bonds?

  Ionic, covalent, and metallic
• What are the particles in ionic bonds?

  Oppositely charged ions
• In which compounds do ionic bonds occur?

  Metals combined with non-metals
• What defines covalent bonding?

  Atoms share pairs of electrons
• Where does covalent bonding occur?

  In most non-metallic elements and compounds