terminolgy

• what is positive reinforcement ?

  giving a positive reward to encourage good behaviour - rewards basic training
• examples of positive reinforcement?

  treats, praise, play
• what are aversives ?

  something added to an animals environment it wouldnt rather have
• positive punishment?


  something that is ADDED ( aversive stimulus) to the animals environment to DECREASE the future likelihood of a behaviour
• examples of a positive punishment:

  ​

  • Loud noise​
  • Spray collars​
  • Rattle bottles​

  ​
• What is Negative punishment?​

  something is REMOVED to DECREASE the future ​

  likelihood of a behaviour.​

  • Negative punishment – removing a positive thing,​

  something a dog values
• examples of negative punishment?


  taking away food and toys
• Why is it important to learn key terms in animal training?

  They help in applying concepts effectively
• What does the term 'stimulus' refer to?

  A thing that induces a specific reaction
• What is the definition of 'response' in animal training?

  A reaction to something
• How is 'cognition' defined in the context of learning theory?

  Mental action of acquiring knowledge
• What does 'learning' mean in this context?

  Knowledge acquired through study or experience
• What is an unconditioned stimulus?

  A stimulus that naturally causes a response
• What is a conditioned stimulus?

  A previously neutral stimulus that causes a response
• What is an unconditioned response?

  An unlearned, natural response
• What is a conditioned response?

  An automatic response caused through training
• How does a conditioned stimulus differ from an unconditioned stimulus?

  A conditioned stimulus requires training to elicit a response
• What are the key terms related to learning theory in animal training?

  • Stimulus
  • Response
  • Cognition
  • Learning
  • Unconditioned stimulus
  • Conditioned stimulus
  • Unconditioned response
  • Conditioned response
• What is the focus of operant conditioning?

  Strengthening or weakening voluntary responses
• Who are the key figures associated with operant conditioning?

  Thorndike and B.F. Skinner
• What is associative learning?

  Learning that occurs through associations
• What is the purpose of puzzle boxes in operant conditioning?

  To study animal behavior and learning
• What is social/observational learning?

  Learning by watching others and their consequences
• What is latent learning?

  Learning that is not immediately demonstrated
• Who conducted research on latent learning with rats?

  EC Tolman
• What is insight learning?

  Realizing how to solve a problem without trial and error
• How does a dog demonstrate insight learning in the example provided?

  By pushing a box to jump over a gate
• What does cognition refer to in animals?

  The mental capacity to understand and remember
• What are the key terms related to learning theory in this unit?

  • Associative learning
  • Operant conditioning
  • Social/observational learning
  • Latent learning
  • Insight learning
  • Cognition
• What are the types of associative learning mentioned?

  • Classical conditioning (Pavlov)
  • Operant conditioning (Thorndike)
• What are the components of higher learning in animals?

  • Social learning
  • Latent learning
  • Insight learning
  • Cognition
• What is the stimulus-response theory related to learning?

  Habituation and sensitization
• What is the link between operant conditioning and behavior?

  Behavior is controlled by consequences
• What is the significance of the links provided in the study material?

  They offer visual examples of learning theories
• How do the different types of learning (social, latent, insight) differ from each other?

  They involve different processes and outcomes