working memory model

• Who argued that LTM is unitary?

  Tulving
• What characterizes episodic memory?

  It is time stamped
• What type of memories require no rehearsal?

  Procedural memories
• What does semantic memory involve?

  Knowledge we all share
• What type of memory is learning how to draw?

  Procedural LTM
• Remembering your 10th birthday is classified as what type of memory?

  Semantic LTM
• Is semantic LTM time stamped?

  No, it is not time stamped
• What type of memory requires conscious effort to remember?

  Episodic LTM
• What are some main criticisms of the Multi-Store Model?

  • Case studies (e.g., KF) challenge linearity
  • STM and LTM are not unitary stores
  • Clive Wearing's memory illustrates this
• Who developed the Working Memory Model (WMM)?

  Baddeley & Hitch
• What does the Working Memory Model focus on?

  STM only
• What is the purpose of the Working Memory Model?

  To address weaknesses of the Multi-Store Model
• What does the Working Memory Model explain?

  How the brain temporarily stores information
• What do you need to know about each store in the WMM?

  • Function
  • Capacity
  • Coding
• What is the function of the Central Executive (CE)?

  Allocates tasks and monitors information
• What is the capacity of the Central Executive?

  Very limited
• What type of coding does the Central Executive use?

  Modality free/specific
• What did Peterson & Peterson study?

  Duration of STM
• What is the duration of STM according to Peterson & Peterson?

  18-30 seconds
• What is the capacity of STM according to Jacobs?

  7 (+/- 2)
• How can the capacity of STM be increased?

  Via chunking
• What is the duration of LTM according to Bahrick?

  Unlimited
• What is the coding of STM according to Baddeley?

  Acoustic
• What is the coding of LTM according to Baddeley?

  Semantic
• What is the capacity of sensory memory according to Sperling?

  Very large
• What is the duration of sensory memory according to Sperling?

  0.25 seconds
• What does the Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad (VSS) deal with?

  Visual and/or spatial information
• What is the capacity of the Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad?

  Around 3-4 objects
• What is the function of the Phonological Loop (PL)?

  Handles verbal and auditory information
• What are the two parts of the Phonological Loop?

  Phonological Store and Articulatory Processes
• What is the capacity of the Phonological Loop?

  About 2 seconds worth
• What is the purpose of the Episodic Buffer (EB)?

  Integrates information from different stores
• When was the Episodic Buffer added to the WMM?

  2000
• What are the components of the Working Memory Model?

  • Central Executive
  • Phonological Loop
  • Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad
  • Episodic Buffer
• What does the Central Executive control?

  Directs attention and focuses information
• What is the role of the Phonological Store?

  Holds sound-based information
• What is the role of the Articulatory Control System?

  Repeats words in a loop for memory
• What tasks can illustrate the use of different working memory components?

  • Drawing while talking
  • Listing foods while recounting events
• What is the purpose of the RM mini test?

  To assess understanding of research methods
• What should students avoid when filling out the Research Methods Glossary?

  Looking up definitions on Google