Design of studies

• What type of studies have been undertaken to find risk factors for diseases?

  Large scale studies
• What do epidemiologists look for in studies?

  Risk factors for diseases
• Why is sample size important in study design?

  Larger samples are more likely to be representative
• How can bias be removed in participant selection?

  By randomly selecting participants
• What is the relationship between controlled variables and data reliability?

  More controlled variables lead to more reliable data
• What does reliable data allow researchers to do?

  Reproduce results by repeating experiments
• What is valid data in the context of experiments?

  Data that tests only one independent variable
• What should be avoided in data collection and analysis?

  Bias
• What is used to ensure results are statistically significant?

  Statistical analysis
• What does an experimental control provide?

  A point of comparison
• Why is repetition important in studies?

  To ensure similar results are collected
• What does reproducibility in studies mean?

  Findings can be repeated in investigations
• Why is one study's evidence insufficient?

  More studies need to be analyzed together
• What is a meta-analysis?

  Analysis of similar studies together
• What is required for findings to be accepted?

  Similar conclusions from all studies
• What does conflicting evidence indicate?

  Different patterns from other evidence
• What should be done when conflicting evidence arises?

  Conduct more research
• What can conflicting evidence suggest about variables?

  Other variables may be involved