Allotropes: graphene and fullerenes

• What are the allotropes of carbon discussed in the video?

  Graphene and fullerenes
• What are allotropes?

  Different structural forms of the same element
• What is the physical state of the allotropes discussed?

  Solid carbon
• What is the structure of graphene made up of?

  Multiple repeating hexagons
• How are the carbon atoms in graphene bonded?

  Each carbon is bonded to three other carbons
• Why is graphene strong?

  Due to its hexagonal structure and bonding
• What property allows graphene to conduct electricity?

  Delocalized pool of electrons
• Where can graphene be naturally obtained from?

  Graphite from the ground
• What have scientists started to do with graphene?

  Make structures like tubes and sheets
• What shapes can fullerenes take?

  Spheres and tubes
• How can fullerenes be used in drug delivery?

  They can act like a cage for drugs
• Why are fullerenes useful as industrial catalysts?

  They have a large surface area to volume ratio
• What are carbon nanotubes known for?

  Being tiny tubes that conduct electricity
• How do carbon nanotubes strengthen materials?

  By having a high length to diameter ratio
• What is the first fullerene made of?

  60 carbon atoms
• What is the formula for buckminsterfullerene?

  C$_{60}$
• What is nanotechnology?

  Technology using tiny structures
• In which industries is nanotechnology being used?

  Medicine, batteries, food, and fashion
• What are the main uses of graphene and fullerenes?

  • Electronics
  • Drug delivery systems
  • Industrial catalysts
  • Strengthening materials
  • Nanotechnology applications
• What are the characteristics of graphene and fullerenes that make them useful?

  • Strong structures
  • Conduct electricity
  • Large surface area to volume ratio
  • High length to diameter ratio