Biology

• What are the body's defence mechanisms designed to do?

  Stop and destroy harmful microorganisms
• What are the barriers that stop microorganisms from entering the body?

  • Skin
  • Mucous membranes
  • Clotting
• What is the first line of defence against microorganisms?

  Barriers like skin and mucous membranes
• What is the role of white blood cells in the immune system?

  To destroy microorganisms that enter the body
• How do lymphocytes protect the body from microorganisms?

  1. Produce antibodies when microorganisms enter
  2. Antibodies bind to antigens on microorganisms
  3. Antibodies clump and weaken microorganisms
  4. Memory lymphocytes remain for quick response
• What are antigens?

  Distinctive markers on microorganisms
• What is the shape relationship between antibodies and antigens?

  Antibodies are complementary in shape to antigens
• What is a memory lymphocyte?

  A lymphocyte that remains for quick response
• What happens after an infection regarding memory lymphocytes?

  They remain for a long time for quick response
• How does the primary immune response differ from the secondary immune response?

  The primary response has a delay in antibody production
• What is the definition of immunity?

  The ability to fight off pathogens and prevent infection
• What are the two types of immunity?

  • Active immunity: body produces antibodies
  • Passive immunity: antibodies are injected
• What is active immunity?

  Immunity produced when the body makes antibodies
• What is passive immunity?

  Immunity produced by injecting antibodies
• Why is passive immunity important in medical treatment?

  It offers rapid treatment for serious infections
• What is phagocytosis?

  Engulfing and digesting microorganisms by phagocytes
• Which type of white blood cell performs phagocytosis?

  Phagocyte
• How does the immune system protect us from microbes?

  By producing antibodies and memory cells